Electrodeposition of redox polymers and co-electrodeposition of enzymes by coordinative crosslinking

Method of modifying an electrode surface, comprising:

• providing an electrode surface;
• providing redox polymers at the electrode surface, each redox polymer comprising a first anionic ligand and a second ligand;
• and
• electrodepositing the redox polymers to form a redox polymer film on at least a portion of the electrode surface via application of a potential or at least one cycle of varied potential, the electrodepositing comprising coordinative crosslinking of the first ligand of a first redox polymer with the second ligand of the first redox polymer or the second ligand of a second redox polymer.

Method of modifying an electrode surface, comprising:

• providing an electrode surface;
• providing redox polymers at the electrode surface, each redox polymer comprising a first ligand and a second ligand;
• and
• electrodepositing the redox polymers to form a redox polymer film on at least a portion of the electrode surface via application of a potential or at least one cycle of varied potential, the electrodepositing comprising coordinative crosslinking of the first ligand of a first redox polymer with the second ligand of the first redox polymer or the second ligand of a second redox polymer.

Method of modifying an electrode surface, comprising:

• providing an electrode surface;
• providing redox polymers at the electrode surface, each redox polymer comprising a complex of a transition metal, a first ligand, and a second ligand;
• and
• electrodepositing the redox polymers to form a redox polymer film on at least a portion of the electrode surface via application of a potential or at least one cycle of varied potential, the electrodepositing comprising coordinative crosslinking of the first ligand of a first redox polymer with the second ligand of the first redox polymer or the second ligand of a second redox polymer.