A method for operating a narrow band Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) as a wide band optical amplifier, the narrow band comprising substantially a single wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) channel or a single digit number of neighboring WDM channels, the method comprising the steps of
- a. connecting to the EDFA a module that includes at least one un-pumped Erbium doped fiber (EDF) coupled to a gain flattening filter (GFF);
- and
- b. cooperatively operating the EDFA and said module to obtain wide band amplification with substantially flat gain.