Jet nozzle mixer

#The present invention relates to jet nozzle mixers for aircraft jet engines and, in particular, to improvements in affecting a greater cooling and a lower noise level in exhaust gases emanating from such engines and in increasing power and fuel efficiency.

#Noise (decibel) level in jet aircraft engines is established by laws and regulations, specifically promulgated by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Annex 16. At present, commercial jet aircraft weighing over 75,000 pounds (34,000 kilograms) must meet Stage 3/Chapter 3 noise (decibel) level requirements which establish an allowable decibel noise level. Under Annex 16 Stage 4/Chapter 4 requirements, a lower maximum (decibel) level will be mandated, by at least a reduction of 10 decibels from current Stage 3/Chapter 3 levels. Such noise reduction is effected by mixing of the primary hot exhaust gases in an internal mixer with secondary bypass cooling air and by breaking of the single core of exhaust gases into a plurality of smaller cores through use of a first set of lobes positioned internally in the engine. For some engines, a second set of lobes in an external mixer is positioned downstream from the first set at the terminus of the engine. A thrust reverser module is joined to the engine housing at the engine terminus by use of an attendant mechanism covered by the STANG fairing. Because the engine has specifically designed dimensions, the second set of lobes must be configured to accommodate the existing engine design, which has a terminus exit area dimension of 1,100 square inches (7,097 square centimeters), rather than to reconfigure the engine to fit the second set of lobes. Such engine reconfiguration is impractical and expensive. Therefore, the direction towards meeting Stage 3/Chapter 3 noise requirements has been involved in developing a variously configured second set of lobes whose design does not always meet such requirements and, when the lobe design does, the lobes are difficult and expensive to manufacture and the mixer is expensive to be retrofitted to the engine.

#Some engines have not employed the use of a second set of lobes or an external mixer, specifically one produced by Pratt & Whitney, in their JT8D-217/219 Series. Currently, this engine includes an internal 12 lobe mixer and is only certified to Stage 3/Chapter 3 noise levels. There has been a desire to qualify this particular engine to Stage 4/Chapter 4 noise levels, but to minimize the costs of doing so with, preferably, no changes in its thrust reversal components primarily because of cost and other economic reasons. To bring this engine to Stage 4/Chapter 4 noise levels, an additional 2 decibel reduction in jet noise is required. Such an upgrading is a challenge that has not been met.

#FIGS. 1a and 1b are perspective views of an end portion of a jet engine nozzle assembly to which is attached both a thrust reverser and a second stage external jet nozzle mixer as embodied in the present invention.

#FIG. 2 is schematic drawing illustrating the interior of the jet engine shown in FIG. 1 with a known first stage internal mixer in the interior of the engine and the second stage inventive external jet nozzle mixer at the terminus of the engine, including the decrease in distance between the jet nozzle mixer of the present invention and the thrust reverser buckets, as compared to its non-use.

#FIG. 3a is a view of the engine and its internal mixer shown in FIG. 2 taken along line 3—3 thereof, and FIG. 3b is a perspective view of the cone and surrounding vanes of the internal mixer.

#Because the present invention was devised particularly with respect to the Pratt & Whitney JT8D-217/219 Series engine, the following discussion will be directed specifically thereto; however, it is to be understood that the present invention is equally relevant for use in other jet engines and, therefore, is not to be limited to a specific jet engine.

#Accordingly, FIGS. 1a and 1b illustrate a nozzle assembly 18 relating to, for example, a Pratt & Whitney JT8D-217/219 Series jet engine to which a jet nozzle mixer 20 as embraced by the present invention is attached at its exhaust terminus 19. Assembly 18 also supports a thrust reverser having a pair of thrust reverser buckets 22. The attachment of the thrust reverser buckets to assembly 20 is effected by bars 24 which are pivotally linked to a pair of diametrically opposed mechanisms housed within fairings 26, one of which is shown in FIG. 1. The fairings are secured at opposite sides of the assembly. The thrust reversers and the linking bars are of conventional design and are unmodified when coupled with the present invention. The fairings are also of conventional design, but a part of the structure covered thereby is slightly modified as will be explained below with respect to FIGS. 12 and 13.

#As shown also in FIG. 2, mixer 20, because of its added axial length, is positioned closer to thrust reverser buckets 22 when they are deployed as brakes. Such closer positioning is demonstrated by the different lengths “x” and “y” of FIG. 2. The ameliorative result of such closer positioning permits the buckets to capture a greater portion of the exhaust for braking purposes than previously obtainable. However, it is important that mixer 20 not be located too close to buckets 22 so that the flow of the redirected exhaust gases are not adversely affected and that the doors, linkages and the mixer are not deleteriously stressed.