Wheatstone bridge scheme for sensor

A Wheatstone bridge circuit for a sensor, comprising:

• first and second sensor elements which respond to a stimulus generated when the sensor is exposed to a sample to be measured, the first and second sensor elements comprising first and second elongated n type nano width regions formed in a suitable substrate;
• third and fourth sensor elements which respond to the stimulus generated when the sensor is exposed to the sample to be measured, comprising third and fourth elongated p type nano width regions formed in the substrate;
• and
• interconnections which interconnect the first and second sensor elements with the third and fourth sensor elements so that the first and second sensor elements are separated from and connected to the third and fourth sensor elements in a manner to form a Wheatstone bridge configuration.

A half Wheatstone bridge circuit comprising:

• a first and second sensor elements that are elongated, balanced, and nanoscale in a direction of their cross-sections, and that respond electrically upon exposure to a stimulus;
• a third and forth resistor element that do not respond to the stimulus and have substantially the same resistance as the first and second element;
• and
• interconnections among the elements in a manner to form a half Wheatstone bridge circuit.

A Wheatstone bridge circuit comprising:

• first, second, third and fourth resistors of substantially equal resistance on a substrate;
• the substrate comprising:
• an electrically conducting underlayer and an insulating layer that separates the resistors from the underlayer, the first and second resistors being configured to be semiconducting with P and N type doping respectively;
• and wherein the substrate is configured to be biased electrically so as to negate any imbalance in the first and second resistances.

A Wheatstone bridge circuit for a sensor, comprising:

• first and second resistor elements at least one of which responds to an external stimulus by exhibiting a change in electrical properties, and at least one of which has a nano or micro width;
• third and fourth resistor elements;
• and
• interconnections which interconnect the first and second resistor elements with the third and fourth resistor elements so that the first and second resistor elements are separated from and connected to the third and fourth resistor elements in a manner to form a Wheatstone bridge configuration wherein the first and second resistor elements form a first pair of the bridge circuit elements and the third and fourth resistor elements form a second pair of the bridge circuit elements.