Apparatus for providing timing jitter tolerant optical modulation of a first signal by a second signal, the first signal having a first wavelength, the second signal comprising a plurality of second signal pulses having a second pulse shape and a second wavelength, the apparatus comprising a first signal input port, a second signal input port, a coupler, a grating and a non-linear optical device, the apparatus being configured to direct the second signal at the second signal input port to the non-linear optical device via the coupler and the grating, and to direct the first signal at the first signal input port to the non-linear optical device;
- the grating comprising a superstructured fibre Bragg grating that converts the second signal pulses into intermediary pulses each having an intermediary pulse shape;
- the intermediary pulse shape being such that it provides a switching window within the non-linear optical device.