Cell adhesion inhibitors

A pharmaceutical composition comprising a cell adhesion inhibitory compound of formula (I):

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• X is selected from the group consisting of —CO2H, —SO2R5, and —SO3H;
• Y is —CO—;
• R1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl-substituted alkyl, cycloalkenyl-substituted cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, alkylamino, alkenylamino, alkynylamino, N-alkylurea-substituted alkyl, alkylcarbonylamino-substituted alkyl, and aminocarbonyl-substituted alkyl;
• R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, and cycloalkenyl;
• R3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, hydroxy-substituted alkyl, alkoxy-substituted alkyl, amino-substituted alkyl, thiol-substituted alkyl, alkylsulfonyl-substituted alkyl, (hydroxy-substituted alkylthio)-substituted alkyl, thioalkoxy-substituted alkyl, acylamino-substituted alkyl, alkylsulfonylamino-substituted alkyl, (N-(alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl) or N,N-(dialkyl, dialkenyl, dialkynyl or (alkyl, alkenyl)-amino)carbonyl-substituted alkyl, carboxyl-substituted alkyl, and amino acid side chains selected from arginine, asparagine, glutamine, S-methyl cysteine, methionine and corresponding sulfoxide and sulfone derivatives thereof, glycine, leucine, isoleucine, allo-isoleucine, tert-leucine, norleucine, alanine, ornithine, glutamine, valine, threonine, serine, aspartic acid, beta-cyanoalanine, and allothreonine;
• R4 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, and alkynyl;
• R5 is alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, or alkynyl;
• and
• n is 0, 1 or 2;
• in an amount effective for prevention, inhibition or suppression of cell adhesion;
• and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.