Communication network

A receiver for synchronizing with a sequence of transmitted messages each comprising control information including timing information, comprising:

• control means arranged to control the operation of the receiver in dependence on received ones of the transmitted messages;
• a clock for providing a time reference to the control means;
• and
• receiver and synchronization means responsive, when enabled, to the control information in a received message to indicate to the control means the reception of said message,
• wherein said control means is arranged to disable said receiver and synchronization means for a period of time dependent upon the timing information in said received message and to enable said receiver and synchronization means to receive a following message in the sequence, and
• wherein said control means is arranged to compare the expected time of arrival of a message, provided by the timing information in a preceding received message, with the actual time of arrival of the message as indicated to the control means by the reception and synchronization means, and to offset said time reference provided by the clock in dependence on said comparison.

A receiver for synchronizing with a sequence of transmitted messages each comprising control information including timing information, comprising:

• control means arranged to control the operation of the receiver in dependence on received ones of said transmitted messages;
• a clock for providing a time reference to the control means;
• and
• receiver and synchronization means responsive to the control information in a received message to indicate to the control means the reception of said message,
• wherein said control means is arranged to enable power conservation within the receiver for a period of time dependent upon the timing information in said received message, said period of time being such that power conservation is disabled to receive a following message in the sequence, and
• wherein said control means is arranged to compare the expected time of arrival of a message, provided by the timing information in a preceding received message, with the actual time of arrival of the message as indicated to the control means by the reception and synchronization means, and to offset said time reference provided by the clock in dependence on said comparison.

A transmitter, for transmitting a sequence of intermittent messages to maintain synchronization between the transmitter and at least one receiver, wherein said sequence of intermittent messages are in groups of messages, each group being separated from the next group by a first period of time and including of a plurality of messages in series, each of the plurality of messages in a group being separated from an adjacent message in that group by a second period of time, said transmitter comprising:

• control means arranged to provide control messages for transmission which inform the at least one receiver of a variation in said sequence of intermittent messages, each of said control messages forming part of said sequence of intermittent messages and including control information for effecting synchronization after said variation, including parameters for informing variation in any one or more of the first period of time, the second period of time and the number of messages in a group;
• and
• transmission means, responsive to said control means, for transmitting each of said intermittent messages,
• wherein a control message has a payload including a first parameter specifying the first period of time after variation, a second parameter specifying the second period of time after variation and a third parameter specifying the number of messages in a group after variation.

A transmitter for transmitting an intermittent sequence of messages each of which is capable of synchronizing a clock in a receiver to a clock in the transmitter, wherein said sequential messages are in groups, each group being separated from the next group by a first period of time and comprising a plurality of messages in series, each of the plurality of messages in a group being separated from an adjacent message in that group by a second period of time, comprising:

• transmission means for transmitting each of said sequential messages;
• and
• control means arranged to provide, when there is a variation in the sequence of messages, control information, for transmission in at least one sequential message, that informs the at least one receiver of a variation in the sequence of messages, and thereby maintains, after the variation, the synchronization of the clock in the receiver to the clock in the transmitter, the control information including one or more parameters for informing a variation in one or more of the first period of time, the second period of time and the number of messages in a group,
• wherein a control message has a payload comprising a first parameter specifying the first period of time after variation, a second parameter specifying the second period of time after variation and a third parameter specifying the number of messages in a group after variation.

A transmitter for transmitting an intermittent sequence of messages each of which is capable of synchronizing a clock in a receiver to a clock in the transmitter, wherein said sequential messages are in groups, each group being separated from the next group by a first period of time and comprising a plurality of messages in series, each of the plurality of messages in a group being separated from an adjacent message in that group by a second period of time, comprising:

• transmission means for transmitting each of said sequential messages;
• and
• control means arranged to provide, when there is a variation in the sequence of messages, control information, for transmission in at least one sequential message, that informs the at least one receiver of a variation in the sequence of messages, and thereby maintains, after the variation, the synchronization of the clock in the receiver to the clock in the transmitter, the control information including one or more parameters for informing a variation in one or more of the first period of time, the second period of time and the number of messages in a group,
• wherein the messages in the intermittent sequence of messages comprise control messages that vary the sequence of intermittent messages and data messages having a payload containing data that do not vary the sequence of intermittent messages.

A receiver for synchronizing its clock substantially every first period of time via an intermittent sequence of messages, transmitted by a transmitter, wherein said sequence of intermittent messages are in groups of messages, each group being separated from the next group by a first period of time and comprising a plurality of messages in series, each message in a group being separated from an adjacent message in that group by a second period of time, comprising:

• control means arranged to control the operation of the receiver in dependence on received ones of the transmitted intermittent sequence of messages comprising control information indicative of a variation in the sequence of intermittent messages;
• a clock for providing a time reference to the control means;
• and
• receiver and synchronization means responsive, when enabled, to a received message to indicate to the control means the reception of said message,
• wherein said control means is arranged to disable said receiver and synchronization means for a period of time dependent upon the intermittent sequence, and any variation thereof, and to enable said receiver and synchronization means to receive a message in each of the groups in the sequence.

A receiver for synchronizing its clock substantially every first period of time via an intermittent sequence of messages, transmitted by a transmitter, wherein said sequence of intermittent messages are in groups of messages, each group being separated from the next group by a first period of time and comprising a plurality of messages in series, each message in a group being separated from an adjacent message in that group by a second period of time, comprising:

• control means arranged to control the operation of the receiver in dependence on received ones of the transmitted intermittent sequence of messages comprising control information indicative of a variation in the sequence of intermittent messages;
• a clock for providing a time reference to the control means;
• and
• receiver and synchronization means responsive, when enabled, to a received message to indicate to the control means the reception of said message,
• wherein said control means is arranged to disable said receiver and synchronization means for a period of time dependent upon the intermittent sequence, and any variation thereof, and to enable said receiver and synchronization means to receive a message in each of the groups in the sequence,
• wherein a control message has a payload comprising a first parameter specifying the first period of time after variation, a second parameter specifying the second period of time after variation and a third parameter specifying the number of messages in a group after variation and said receiver extracts said parameter values therefrom.

A receiver for synchronizing its clock substantially every first period of time via an intermittent sequence of messages, transmitted by a transmitter, wherein said sequence of intermittent messages are in groups of messages, each group being separated from the next group by a first period of time and comprising a plurality of messages in series, each message in a group being separated from an adjacent message in that group by a second period of time, comprising:

• control means arranged to control the operation of the receiver in dependence on received ones of the transmitted intermittent sequence of messages comprising control information indicative of a variation in the sequence of intermittent messages;
• a clock for providing a time reference to the control means;
• and
• receiver and synchronization means responsive, when enabled, to a received message to indicate to the control means the reception of said message,
• wherein said control means is arranged to disable said receiver and synchronization means for a period of time dependent upon the intermittent sequence, and any variation thereof, and to enable said receiver and synchronization means to receive a message in each of the groups in the sequence,
• wherein said control means is arranged to compare the expected time of arrival of a message with the actual time of arrival of the message as indicated to the control means by the reception and synchronization means, and to offset a time reference provided by the clock in dependence on said comparison.

A receiver for synchronizing its clock substantially every first period of time via an intermittent sequence of messages, transmitted by a transmitter, wherein said sequence of intermittent messages are in groups of messages, each group being separated from the next group by a first period of time and comprising a plurality of messages in series, each message in a group being separated from an adjacent message in that group by a second period of time, comprising:

• control means arranged to control the operation of the receiver in dependence on the intermittent sequence as updated by received ones of the transmitted intermittent sequence of messages comprising control information indicative of a variation in the sequence of intermittent messages;
• a clock for providing a time reference to the control means;
• and
• receiver and synchronization means responsive, when enabled, to a received message to indicate to the control means the reception of said message,
• wherein said control means is arranged to enable power conservation within the receiver for a period of time dependent upon the intermittent sequence, and any variation thereof, said period of time being such that power conservation is disabled to receive a message in each of the groups of the sequence.

A receiver for synchronizing its clock substantially every first period of time via an intermittent sequence of messages, transmitted by a transmitter, wherein said sequence of intermittent messages are in groups of messages, each group being separated from the next group by a first period of time and comprising a plurality of messages in series, each message in a group being separated from an adjacent message in that group by a second period of time, comprising:

• control means arranged to control the operation of the receiver in dependence on the intermittent sequence as updated by received ones of the transmitted intermittent sequence of messages comprising control information indicative of a variation in the sequence of intermittent messages;
• a clock for providing a time reference to the control means;
• and
• receiver and synchronization means responsive, when enabled, to a received message to indicate to the control means the reception of said message,
• wherein said control means is arranged to enable power conservation within the receiver for a period of time dependent upon the intermittent sequence, and any variation thereof, said period of time being such that power conservation is disabled to receive a message in each of the groups of the sequence,
• wherein said control means is arranged to compare the expected time of arrival of a message with the actual time of arrival of the message as indicated to the control means by the reception and synchronization means, and to offset a time reference provided by the clock in dependence on said comparison.

A receiver, for synchronizing its clock substantially every first period of time via an intermittent sequence of broadcast synchronization messages, transmitted by a transmitter, for synchronizing a clock in the receiver to a clock in the transmitter, wherein said sequence of intermittent synchronization messages are in groups of synchronization messages, each group being separated from the next group by a first period of time and comprising a plurality of synchronization messages in series, each synchronization message in a group being separated from an adjacent synchronization message in that group by a second period of time, comprising:

• control means arranged to control the operation of the receiver in dependence on received ones of the transmitted intermittent sequence of synchronization messages comprising control information indicative of a variation in the sequence of intermittent synchronization messages;
• a clock for providing a time reference to the control means;
• and
• receiver and synchronization means responsive, when enabled, to a received synchronization message to indicate to the control means the reception of said synchronization message,
• wherein said control means is arranged to disable said receiver and synchronization means for a period of time dependent upon the intermittent sequence, and any variation thereof, and to enable said receiver and synchronization means to receive a synchronization message in each of the groups in the sequence.

A receiver for synchronizing its clock substantially every first period of time via an intermittent sequence of broadcast synchronization messages, transmitted by a transmitter, for synchronizing a clock in the receiver to a clock in the transmitter, wherein said sequence of intermittent synchronization messages are in groups of synchronization messages, each group being separated from the next group by a first period of time and comprising a plurality of synchronization messages in series, each synchronization message in a group being separated from an adjacent synchronization message in that group by a second period of time, comprising:

• control means arranged to control the operation of the receiver in dependence on received ones of the transmitted intermittent sequence of synchronization messages comprising control information indicative of a variation in the sequence of intermittent synchronization messages;
• a clock for providing a time reference to the control means;
• and
• receiver and synchronization means responsive, when enabled, to a received synchronization message to indicate to the control means the reception of said synchronization message,
• wherein said control means is arranged to disable said receiver and synchronization means for a period of time dependent upon the intermittent sequence, and any variation thereof, and to enable said receiver and synchronization means to receive a synchronization message in each of the groups in the sequence,
• wherein said control means is arranged to compare the expected time of arrival of a message with the actual time of arrival of the message as indicated to the control means by the reception and synchronization means, and to offset a time reference provided by the clock in dependence on said comparison.

A receiver for synchronizing its clock substantially every first period of time via an intermittent sequence of broadcast synchronization messages, transmitted by a transmitter, for synchronizing a clock in the receiver to a clock in the transmitter, wherein said sequence of intermittent synchronization messages are in groups of synchronization messages, each group being separated from the next group by a first period of time and comprising a plurality of synchronization messages in series, each synchronization message in a group being separated from an adjacent synchronization message in that group by a second period of time, comprising:

• control means arranged to control the operation of the receiver in dependence on the intermittent sequence as updated by received ones of the transmitted intermittent sequence of synchronization messages comprising control information indicative of a variation in the sequence of intermittent synchronization messages;
• a clock for providing a time reference to the control means;
• and receiver and synchronization means responsive, when enabled, to a received synchronization message to indicate to the control means the reception of said synchronization message, wherein said control means is arranged to enable power conservation within the receiver for a period of time dependent upon the intermittent sequence, and any variation thereof, said period of time being such that power conservation is disabled to receive a synchronization message in each of the groups of the sequence.

A receiver for synchronizing its clock substantially every first period of time via an intermittent sequence of broadcast synchronization messages, transmitted by a transmitter, for synchronizing a clock in the receiver to a clock in the transmitter, wherein said sequence of intermittent synchronization messages are in groups of synchronization messages, each group being separated from the next group by a first period of time and comprising a plurality of synchronization messages in series, each synchronization message in a group being separated from an adjacent synchronization message in that group by a second period of time, comprising:

• control means arranged to control the operation of the receiver in dependence on the intermittent sequence as updated by received ones of the transmitted intermittent sequence of synchronization messages comprising control information indicative of a variation in the sequence of intermittent synchronization messages;
• a clock for providing a time reference to the control means;
• and receiver and synchronization means responsive, when enabled, to a received synchronization message to indicate to the control means the reception of said synchronization message, wherein said control means is arranged to enable power conservation within the receiver for a period of time dependent upon the intermittent sequence, and any variation thereof, said period of time being such that power conservation is disabled to receive a synchronization message in each of the groups of the sequence,
• wherein said control means is arranged to compare the expected time of arrival of a message with the actual time of arrival of the message as indicated to the control means by the reception and synchronization means, and to offset a time reference provided by the clock in dependence on said comparison;
• and wherein
• control means is arranged to vary the sequence of intermittent messages by varying the first time period between the transmission of a first group of messages and a second successive group of messages by an amount such that the time of transmission of a first message in the second group after the time variation would have coincided with the expected time of transmission of a second message in the second group in the absence of the time variation.

A transmitter, for transmitting an intermittent sequence of messages each of which is capable of synchronizing a clock in a receiver to a clock in the transmitter, wherein said sequential messages are in groups, each group being separated from the next group by a first period of time and comprising a plurality of messages in series, each of the plurality of messages in a group being separated from an adjacent message in that group by a second period of time, comprising:

• transmission means for transmitting each of said sequential messages;
• and
• control means arranged to provide, when there is a variation in the sequence of messages, control information, for transmission in at least one sequential message, that informs the at least one receiver of a variation in the sequence of messages, and thereby maintains, after the variation, the synchronization of the clock in the receiver to the clock in the transmitter, the control information including one or more parameters for informing a variation in one or more of the first period of time, the second period of time and the number of messages in a group;
• and wherein
• said control means is arranged to vary the sequence of intermittent messages by varying the first time period between the transmission of a first group of messages and a second successive group of messages by an amount such that the time of transmission of a first message in the second group after the time variation would have coincided with the expected time of transmission of a second message in the second group in the absence of the time variation.

A receiver for synchronizing its clock substantially every first period of time via an intermittent sequence of messages, transmitted by a transmitter, wherein said sequence of intermittent messages are in groups of messages, each group being separated from the next group by a first period of time and comprising a plurality of messages in series, each message in a group being separated from an adjacent message in that group by a second period of time, comprising:

• control means arranged to control the operation of the receiver in dependence on the intermittent sequence as updated by received ones of the transmitted intermittent sequence of messages comprising control information indicative of a variation in the sequence of intermittent messages;
• a clock for providing a time reference to the control means;
• and
• receiver and synchronization means responsive, when enabled, to a received message to indicate to the control means the reception of said message,
• wherein said control means is arranged to enable power conservation within the receiver for a period of time dependent upon the intermittent sequence, and any variation thereof, said period of time being such that power conservation is disabled to receive a message in each of the groups of the sequence,
• wherein a control message has a payload comprising a first parameter specifying the first period of time after variation, a second parameter specifying the second period of time after variation and a third parameter specifying the number of messages in a group after variation and said receiver extracts said parameter values therefrom.