Fixing member, fixing device, and image forming apparatus

A fixing member that heat bonds a toner on a recording material by heating, comprising:

• a releasing layer;
• a first layer of adiabatic and hydrophobic material, below the releasing layer;
• a layer of electrically conducting material, below the first layer, to pass electric currents;
• and
• a second layer of adiabatic and hydrophobic material, below the layer of electrically conducting material, wherein at least one of the first layer and the second layer is made of elastic material.

A fixing device comprising a fixing member and a pressure member made of an air-containing adiabatic material, wherein the fixing member heat bonds a toner on a recording material by heating and includes

• a releasing layer, a layer of elastic material, below the releasing layer, and a layer of adiabatic and hygroscopic material, below the layer of elastic material, wherein the layer of elastic material includes
• a layer of electrically conducting material to pass electric currents,
• an adiabatic, elastic, and hydrophobic material, and
• a porous material to the release of the moisture absorbed by the layer of adiabatic and hygroscopic material.

A fixing device comprising a fixing member and a pressure member made of an air-containing adiabatic material, wherein the fixing member heat bonds a toner on a recording material by heating and includes

• a releasing layer;
• a first layer of adiabatic and hydrophobic material, below the releasing layer;
• a layer of electrically conducting material, below the first layer, to pass electric currents;
• and
• a second layer of adiabatic and hydrophobic material, below the layer of electrically conducting material, wherein at least one of the first layer and the second layer is made of elastic material.

An image forming apparatus comprising a fixing member that heat bonds a toner on a recording material by heating, the fixing member includes

• a releasing layer, a layer of elastic material, below the releasing layer, and a layer of adiabatic and hygroscopic material, below the layer of elastic material, wherein the layer of elastic material includes
• a layer of electrically conducting material to pass electric currents,
• an adiabatic, elastic, and hydrophobic material, and
• a porous material to the release of the moisture absorbed by the layer of adiabatic and hygroscopic material.

An image forming apparatus comprising a fixing member that heat bonds a toner on a recording material by heating, the fixing member includes

• a releasing layer;
• a first layer of adiabatic and hydrophobic material, below the releasing layer;
• a layer of electrically conducting material, below the first layer, to pass electric currents;
• and
• a second layer of adiabatic and hydrophobic material, below the layer of electrically conducting material, wherein at least one of the first layer and the second layer is made of elastic material.