Method for the preparation of fused heterocyclic succinimide compounds and analogs thereof

A method for preparation of a compound of the following formula XVI, or salt thereof:

• where
• G is an aryl or heterocyclo group, where said group is mono- or polycyclic, and which is optionally substituted at one or more positions;
• Z1 is O or S;
• Z2 is O or S;
• A1 is CR7;
• A2 is CR7;
• Y is J—J′—J″ where J is (CR7R7′)n and n=0-3, J′ is O, S, S═O, SO2, NH, NR7, OP═OOR2, OC═O, NR1C═O, OP═ONHR2, OSO2, NHNH, NHNR8, NR6NH, or N═N, and J″ is (CR7R7′)n and n=0-3;
• Q1 is H, alkyl or substituted alkyl, alkenyl or substituted alkenyl, cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or substituted cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or substituted heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl or substituted arylalkyl, alkynyl or substituted alkynyl, aryl or substituted aryl, heterocyclo or substituted heterocyclo, halo, CN, R1OC═O, R4C═O, R5R6NC═O, HOCR7R7′, nitro, R1OCH2, R1O, NH2, C═OSR1, SO2R1 or NR4R5;
• Q2 is H, alkyl or substituted alkyl, alkenyl or substituted alkenyl, cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or substituted cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or substituted heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl or substituted arylalkyl, alkynyl or substituted alkynyl, aryl or substituted aryl, heterocyclo or substituted heterocyclo, halo, CN, R1OC═O, R4C═O, R5R6NC═O, HOCR7R7′, nitro, R1OCH2, R1O, NH2, C═OSR1, SO2R1 or NR4R5;
• L is a bond, (CR7R7′)n, NH, NR5 or NR5(CR7R7′)n, where n=0-3;
• R1 and R1′ are each independently H, alkyl or substituted alkyl, alkenyl or substituted alkenyl, alkynyl or substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or substituted cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo or substituted heterocyclo, cycloalkylalkyl or substituted cycloalkyalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl or substituted cycloalkenylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or substituted heterocycloalkyl, aryl or substituted aryl, arylalkyl or substituted arylalkyl;
• R2 is alkyl or substituted alkyl, alkenyl or substituted alkenyl, alkynyl or substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or substituted cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo or substituted heterocyclo, cycloalkylalkyl or substituted cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl or substituted cycloalkenylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or substituted heterocycloalkyl, aryl or substituted aryl, arylalkyl or substituted arylalkyl;
• R4 is H, alkyl or substituted alkyl, alkenyl or substituted alkenyl, alkynyl or substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or substituted cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo or substituted heterocyclo, cycloalkylalkyl or substituted cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl or substituted cycloalkenylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or substituted heterocycloalkyl, aryl or substituted aryl, arylalkyl or substituted arylalkyl, R1C═O, R1NHC═O, SO2OR1, or SO2NR1R1′;
• R5 is alkyl or substituted alkyl, alkenyl or substituted alkenyl, alkynyl or substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or substituted cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo or substituted heterocyclo, cycloalkylalkyl or substituted cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl or substituted cycloalkenylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or substituted heterocycloalkyl, aryl or substituted aryl, arylalkyl or substituted arylalkyl, R1C═O, R1NHC═O, SO2R1, SO2OR1, or SO2NR1R1′;
• R6 is alkyl or substituted alkyl, alkenyl or substituted alkenyl, alkynyl or substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or substituted cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo or substituted heterocyclo, cycloalkylalkyl or substituted cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl or substituted cycloalkenylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or substituted heterocycloalkyl, aryl or substituted aryl, arylalkyl or substituted arylalkyl, CN, OH, OR1, R1C═O, R1NHC═O, SO2R1, SO2OR1, or SO2NR1R1′;
• and
• R7 and R7′ are each independently H, alkyl or substituted alkyl, alkenyl or substituted alkenyl, alkynyl or substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or substituted cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo or substituted heterocyclo, cycloalkylalkyl or substituted cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl or substituted cycloalkenylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or substituted heterocycloalkyl, aryl or substituted aryl, arylalkyl or substituted arylalkyl, halo, CN, OR1, nitro, hydroxylamine, hydroxylamide, amino, NHR4, NR2R5, NOR1, thiol, alkylthio or substituted alkylthio, R1C═O, R1(C═O)O, R1OC═O, R1NHC═O, SO2R1, SOR1, PO3R1R1′, R1R1′NC═O, C═OSR1, SO2OR1, or SO2NR1R1′;
• comprising the steps of contacting a compound of the following formula XV, or salt thereof:
• where the symbols are as defined above;
• with an enzyme or microorganism capable of catalyzing the hydroxylation of said compound XV to said compound XVI, and effecting said hydroxylation.