Transparent electrode, optoelectronic apparatus and devices

A method for making an optoelectronic apparatus, the method comprising:

• forming a transparent conducting electrode by:
• distributing an array of conductive wires across a layer of transparent conducting polymer such that the conductive wires make electrical contact with the conducting polymer material;
• and
• attaching the conductive wires to the conductive polymer material, and disposing an electrically insulating short-proofing layer between the array of conductive wires and an underlying optoelectronically active layer, the short-proofing material being located at least at the middle and ends of the wires.

An optoelectronic apparatus, comprising:

• a transparent electrode having:
• a layer of transparent electrically conducting polymer material;
• and
• an array of electrically conductive wires distributed across the layer of transparent electrically conducting polymer material, wherein the electrically conductive wires are in electrical contact with the layer of transparent conducting material;
• an active layer including first and second semiconducting materials with different electron affinities, whereby the first and second materials have complementary charge transfer properties;
• an electrically insulating short-proofing material disposed between the wires and the active layer, the short-proofing material being located at least at the middle and ends of the wires;
• and
• a base electrode, wherein the active layer it disposed between the transparent conducting electrode and the base electrode,
• wherein the active layer includes both organic and inorganic materials whereby the device is a hybrid organic-inorganic solar cell.