Process and apparatus for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes

A process for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes, comprising:

• disposing catalytic particles into a reactor wherein the catalytic particles comprise a support material and a catalytic material, the catalyst effective in catalyzing the conversion of a carbon-containing gas into carbon nanotubes;
• treating the catalytic particles with a reduction process;
• heating the catalytic particles to a reaction temperature;
• and
• catalytically forming single-walled carbon nanotubes by exposing the catalytic particles to a carbon-containing gas for a duration of time and at a temperature sufficient to cause catalytic production of the single-walled carbon nanotubes thereby forming reacted catalytic particles bearing the single-walled carbon nanotubes.

A process for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes, comprising:

• disposing catalytic particles into a reactor wherein the catalytic particles comprise a support material and a catalytic material comprising Co and Mo;
• heating the catalytic particles to a reaction temperature wherein the reaction temperature is about 750° C. to about 950° C.;
• and
• catalytically forming single-walled carbon nanotubes by exposing the catalytic particles to a carbon-containing gas for a duration of time and at a temperature sufficient to cause catalytic production of the single-walled carbon nanotubes thereby forming reacted catalytic particles bearing the single-walled carbon nanotubes.

A process for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes, comprising:

• disposing catalytic particles into a reactor wherein the catalytic particles comprise a support material and a catalytic material;
• treating the catalytic particles with a reduction process;
• heating the catalytic particles to a reaction temperature wherein the reaction temperature is about 750° C. to about 950° C.;
• and
• catalytically forming single-walled carbon nanotubes by exposing the catalytic particles to a carbon-containing gas for a duration of time and at a temperature sufficient to cause catalytic production of the single-walled carbon nanotubes thereby forming reacted catalytic particles bearing the single-walled carbon nanotubes.

A process for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes, comprising:

• disposing catalytic particles into a reactor wherein the catalytic particles comprise a support material and a catalytic material;
• heating the catalytic particles to a reaction temperature wherein the reaction temperature is about 750° C. to about 950° C., and
• wherein the catalytic particles are heated by exposing the catalytic particles to a heated inert gas;
• and
• catalytically forming single-walled carbon nanotubes by exposing the catalytic particles to a carbon-containing gas for a duration of time and at a temperature sufficient to cause catalytic production of the single-walled carbon nanotubes thereby forming reacted catalytic particles bearing the single-walled carbon nanotubes.

A process for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes, comprising:

• disposing catalytic particles into a reactor wherein the catalytic particles comprise a support material and a catalytic material;
• heating the catalytic particles to a reaction temperature wherein the reaction temperature is about 750° C. to about 950° C.;
• catalytically forming single-walled carbon nanotubes by exposing the catalytic particles to a carbon-containing gas for a duration of time and at a temperature sufficient to cause catalytic production of the single-walled carbon nanotubes thereby forming reacted catalytic particles bearing the single-walled carbon nanotubes;
• and
• flushing the carbon-containing gas from the reacted catalytic particles.

A process for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes, comprising:

• disposing catalytic particles into a reactor wherein the catalytic particles comprise a support material and a catalytic material;
• heating the catalytic particles to a reaction temperature wherein the reaction temperature is about 750° C. to about 950° C.;
• catalytically forming single-walled carbon nanotubes by exposing the catalytic particles to a, carbon-containing gas for a duration of time and at a temperature sufficient to cause catalytic production of the single-walled carbon nanotubes thereby forming reacted catalytic particles bearing the single-walled carbon nanotubes;
• and
• removing amorphous carbon from the reacted catalytic particles to obtain the single-walled carbon nanotubes.

A process for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes, comprising:

• disposing catalytic particles into a reactor wherein the catalytic particles comprise a support material and a catalytic material;
• heating the catalytic particles to a reaction temperature wherein the reaction temperature is about 750° C. to about 950° C.;
• and
• catalytically forming single-walled carbon nanotubes by exposing the catalytic particles to a carbon-containing gas for a duration of time and at a temperature sufficient to cause catalytic production of the single-walled carbon nanotubes thereby forming reacted catalytic particles bearing the single-walled carbon nanotubes, wherein the carbon-containing gas further comprises a diluent gas.

A process for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes, comprising:

• disposing catalytic particles into a reactor wherein the catalytic particles comprise a support material and a catalytic material;
• heating the catalytic particles to a reaction temperature wherein the reaction temperature is about 750° C. to about 950° C.;
• catalytically forming single-walled carbon nanotubes by exposing the catalytic particles to a carbon-containing gas for a duration of time and at a temperature sufficient to cause catalytic production of the single-walled carbon nanotubes thereby forming reacted catalytic particles bearing the single-walled carbon nanotubes;
• and
• treating the reacted catalytic particles to obtain the single-walled carbon nanotubes.

A process for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes, comprising:

• disposing catalytic particles into a reactor wherein the catalytic particles comprise a support material and a catalytic material comprising Co and Mo;
• heating the catalytic particles to a reaction temperature;
• and
• catalytically forming single-walled carbon nanotubes by exposing the catalytic particles to a carbon-containing gas for a duration of time and at a temperature sufficient to cause catalytic production of the single-walled carbon nanotubes thereby forming reacted catalytic particles bearing the single-walled carbon nanotubes, and wherein the carbon-containing gas comprises carbon monoxide, a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an oxygenated hydrocarbon, an alcohol, and/or an aromatic hydrocarbon.

A process for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes, comprising:

• disposing catalytic particles into a reactor wherein the catalytic particles comprise a support material and a catalytic material;
• treating the catalytic particles with a reduction process;
• heating the catalytic particles to a reaction temperature;
• and
• catalytically forming single-walled carbon nanotubes by exposing the catalytic particles to a carbon-containing gas for a duration of time and at a temperature sufficient to cause catalytic production of the single-walled carbon nanotubes thereby forming reacted catalytic particles bearing the single-walled carbon nanotubes, and wherein the carbon-containing gas comprises carbon monoxide, a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an oxygenated hydrocarbon, an alcohol, and/or an aromatic hydrocarbon.

A process for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes, comprising:

• disposing catalytic particles into a reactor wherein the catalytic particles comprise a support material and a catalytic material;
• heating the catalytic particles to a reaction temperature by exposing the catalytic particles to a heated inert gas;
• and
• catalytically forming single-walled carbon nanotubes by exposing the catalytic particles to a carbon-containing gas for a duration of time and at a temperature sufficient to cause catalytic production of the single-walled carbon nanotubes thereby forming reacted catalytic particles bearing the single-walled carbon nanotubes, and wherein the carbon-containing gas comprises carbon monoxide, a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an oxygenated hydrocarbon, an alcohol, and/or an aromatic hydrocarbon.

A process for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes, comprising:

• disposing catalytic particles into a reactor wherein the catalytic particles comprise a support material and a catalytic material;
• heating the catalytic particles to a reaction temperature;
• and
• catalytically forming single-walled carbon nanotubes by exposing the catalytic particles to a carbon-containing gas for a duration of time and at a temperature sufficient to cause catalytic production of the single-walled carbon nanotubes thereby forming reacted catalytic particles bearing the single-walled carbon nanotubes, and wherein the carbon-containing gas comprises carbon monoxide, a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an oxygenated hydrocarbon, an alcohol and/or an aromatic hydrocarbon, and flushing the carbon-containing gas from the reacted catalytic particles.

A process for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes, comprising:

• disposing catalytic particles into a reactor wherein the catalytic particles comprise a support material and a catalytic material;
• heating the catalytic particles to a reaction temperature;
• catalytically forming single-walled carbon nanotubes by exposing the catalytic particles to a carbon-containing gas for a duration of time and at a temperature sufficient to cause catalytic production of the single-walled carbon nanotubes thereby forming reacted catalytic particles bearing the single-walled carbon nanotubes, and wherein the carbon-containing gas comprises carbon monoxide, a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an oxygenated hydrocarbon, an alcohol, and/or an aromatic hydrocarbon;
• and
• removing amorphous carbon from the reacted catalytic particles and treating the reacted catalytic particles to obtain the single-walled carbon nanotubes.

A process for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes, comprising:

• disposing catalytic particles into a reactor wherein the catalytic particles comprise a support material and a catalytic material;
• heating the catalytic particles to a reaction temperature;
• and
• catalytically forming single-walled carbon nanotubes by exposing the catalytic particles to a carbon-containing gas for a duration of time and at a temperature sufficient to cause catalytic production of the single-walled carbon nanotubes thereby forming reacted catalytic particles bearing the single-walled carbon nanotubes, and wherein the carbon-containing gas comprises carbon monoxide, a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an oxygenated hydrocarbon, an alcohol, and/or an aromatic hydrocarbon and wherein the carbon-containing gas further comprises a diluent gas.

A process for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes, comprising:

• disposing catalytic particles into a reactor wherein the catalytic particles comprise a support material and a catalytic material;
• heating the catalytic particles to a reaction temperature;
• catalytically forming single-walled carbon nanotubes by exposing the catalytic particles to a carbon-containing gas for a duration of time and at a temperature sufficient to cause catalytic production of the single-walled carbon nanotubes thereby forming reacted catalytic particles bearing the single-walled carbon nanotubes, and wherein the carbon-containing gas comprises carbon monoxide, a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an oxygenated hydrocarbon, an alcohol, and/or an aromatic hydrocarbon;
• and treating the reacted catalytic particles to obtain the single-walled carbon nanotubes.