Electromagnetic antenna apparatus

An apparatus for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic energy intermediate a host radio and a medium adjacent to the apparatus in an impulse radio system;

• the apparatus comprising:
• (a) an energy guiding means for guiding said electromagnetic energy, said energy guiding means being connected with said host radio;
• (b) an electromagnetic energy channeling structure, said electromagnetic energy channeling structure effecting said transferring and including a plurality of gap interfaces;
• and
• (c) a transition means for coupling said energy guiding means with said plurality of gap interfaces;
• said transition means conveying said electromagnetic energy intermediate said energy guiding means and in said plurality of gap interfaces;
• each respective gap interface of and plurality of gap interfaces intersecting said transition means in an intersection;
• said intersection being a substantially continuous curve in planes intersecting said respective gap interface and said transition means;
• said curve extending a distance beyond said intersection in said selected planes.

A dipole antenna for transmitting and receiving radio energy between said transceiver and a medium adjacent to the antenna;

• the antenna comprising:
• (a) a radio energy guiding means for guiding said radio energy to and from said transceiver;
• said radio guiding means being connected with said transceiver;
• (b) a radio signal energy channeling structure for effecting said transmitting and said receiving;
• said radio signal energy channeling structure including a plurality of gap interfaces;
• and
• (c) a transition means for coupling said radio energy guiding means with said plurality of gap interfaces;
• said transition means conveying said radio energy intermediate said radio energy guiding means and in said plurality of gap interfaces;
• each respective gap interface of said plurality of gap interfaces intersecting said transition means in an intersection;
• said intersection being a substantially continuous curve in planes intersecting said respective gap interface and said transition means.

A monopole antenna for use with an impulse radio transceiver for transmitting and receiving impulse radio energy between said transceiver and a medium adjacent to the antenna;

• the antenna comprising:
• (a) an impulse radio energy guiding means for guiding said impulse radio energy to and from said transceiver;
• said impulse radio energy guiding means being connected with said transceiver;
• (b) an impulse radio signal energy channeling structure for effecting said transmitting and said receiving;
• said impulse radio signal energy channeling structure including a plurality of gap interfaces;
• and
• (c) a transition means for coupling said impulse radio energy guiding means with said plurality of gap interfaces;
• said transition means conveying said impulse radio energy intermediate said radio energy guiding means and in said at least one gap interface;
• respective gap interface of said plurality of gap interfaces intersecting said transition means in an intersection;
• said intersection being a substantially continuous curve in planes intersecting said respective gap interface and said transition means.

A dipole antenna for use with an impulse radio transceiver for transmitting and receiving impulse radio energy between said transceiver and a medium adjacent to the antenna the antenna comprising:

• (a) an impulse radio energy guiding means for guiding said impulse radio energy of and from said transceiver;
• said impulse radio guiding means being connected with said transceiver;
• (b) an impulse radio signal energy channeling structure for effecting said transmitting and said receiving;
• said impulse radio signal energy channeling structure including a plurality of gap interfaces;
• and
• (c) a transition means for coupling said impulse radio energy guiding means with said plurality of gap interfaces;
• said transition means conveying said impulse radio energy intermediate said impulse radio energy guiding means and in said plurality of gap interfaces;
• each respective gap interface of said plurality of gap interfaces intersecting said transition means in an intersecting;
• said intersection being a substantially continuous curve in planes intersecting said respective gap interface and said transition means.

A dipole antenna for transmitting and receiving radio energy between said transceiver and a medium adjacent to the antenna;

• the antenna comprising:
• (a) a radio energy guiding means for guiding said radio energy to and from said transceiver;
• said radio guiding means being connected with said transceiver;
• (b) a radio signal energy channeling structure for effecting said transmitting and said receiving;
• said radio signal energy channeling structure including a plurality of gap interfaces;
• and
• (c) a transition means for coupling said radio energy guiding means with said plurality of gap interfaces;
• said transition means conveying said radio energy intermediate said radio energy guiding means and said plurality of gap interfaces;
• each respective gap interface of said plurality of gap interfaces intersecting said transition means in an intersection;
• said intersection being a substantially continuous curve in selected planes intersecting said respective gap interface and said transition means;
• said radio energy guiding means comprising a first ellipsoid structure and a second ellipsoid structure;
• said first ellipsoid structure having a first origin and said second ellipsoid structure having a second origin;
• said first ellipsoid structure having a first major axis and a first minor axis in a plane intersecting said first origin and said second origin;
• said second ellipsoid structure having a second major axis and a second minor axis in said plane;
• said first ellipsoid structure extending a first axial distance along one axis of said first major axis and said first minor axis in said plane from said first origin;
• said second ellipsoid structure extending a second axial distance along one axis of said second major axis and said second minor axis in said plane from said second origin;
• said first origin and said second origin being separated in said plane by a distance equal to said first axial distance plus said second axial distance plus gap distance.

A monopole antenna for use with an impulse radio transceiver for transmitting and receiving impulse radio energy between said transceiver and a medium adjacent to the antenna;

• the antenna comprising:
• (a) an impulse radio energy guiding means for guiding said impulse radio energy to and from said transceiver, said impulse radio energy guiding means being connected with said transceiver;
• (b) an impulse radio signal energy channeling structure for effecting said transmitting and said receiving;
• said impulse radio signal energy channeling structure including a plurality of gap interfaces;
• and
• (c) a transition means for coupling said impulse radio energy guiding means with said plurality of gap interfaces;
• said transition means conveying said impulse radio energy intermediate said impulse radio energy guiding means and said at least one gap interface;
• at least one respective gap interface of said plurality of gap interfaces intersecting said transition means in an intersection;
• said intersection being a substantially continuous curve in selected planes intersecting said at least one respective gap interface and said transition means;
• said impulse radio energy guiding means comprising an ellipsoid structure and a low potential structure generally neighboring said ellipsoid structure;
• said low potential structure being substantially symmetric about a first plane;
• said ellipsoid structure having an origin;
• said ellipsoid structure having a major axis and a minor axis in a second plane;
• said second plane containing said origin and intersecting said first plane in a line;
• said ellipsoid structure extending an axial distance along one axis of said major axis and said minor axis in said second plane from said origin;
• said origin and said line being separated in said second plane by a distance equal to said axial distance plus a gap distance.

A dipole antenna for transmitting and receiving radio energy between said transceiver and a medium adjacent to the antenna;

• the antenna comprising:
• (a) a radio energy guiding means for guiding said radio energy to and from said transceiver;
• said radio guiding means being connected with said transceiver;
• (b) a radio signal energy channeling structure for effecting said transmitting and said receiving;
• said radio signal energy channeling structure including a plurality of gap interfaces;
• and
• (c) a transition means for coupling said radio energy guiding means with said plurality of gap interfaces;
• said transition means conveying said radio energy intermediate said radio energy guiding means and said plurality of gap interfaces;
• each respective gap interface of said plurality of gap interfaces intersecting said transition means in an intersection;
• said intersection being a substantially continuous curve in selected planes intersecting said respective gap interface and said transition means;
• said radio energy guiding means comprising a first ellipse structure and a second ellipse structure;
• said first ellipse structure and said second ellipse structure being substantially in a common plane;
• said first ellipse structure having a first origin and said second ellipse structure having a second origin;
• said first ellipse structure having a first major axis and a fist minor axis in said plane;
• said second ellipse structure having a second major axis and a second minor axis in said plane;
• said first ellipse structure extending a first axial distance along one axis of said first major axis and said first major axis in said plane from said first origin;
• said second ellipse structure extending a second major axial distance along one axis of said second major axis and said second minor axis in said plane from said second origin;
• said first origin and said second origin being separated in said plane by a distance equal to said first axial distance plus said second axial distance plus a gap distance.

A monopole antenna for use with an impulse radio transceiver for transmitting and receiving impulse radio energy between said transceiver and a medium adjacent to the antenna;

• the antenna comprising:
• (a) an impulse radio energy guiding means for guiding said impulse radio energy to and from said transceiver;
• said impulse radio energy guiding means being connected with said transceiver;
• (b) an impulse radio signal energy channeling structure for effecting said transmitting and said receiving;
• said impulse radio signal energy channeling structure including a plurality of gap interfaces;
• and
• (c) a transition means for coupling said impulse radio energy guiding means with said plurality of gap interfaces;
• said transition means conveying said impulse radio energy intermediate said impulse radio energy guiding means and said at least one gap interface;
• at least one respective gap interface of said plurality of gap interfaces intersecting said transition means in an intersection;
• said intersection being a substantially continuous curve in selected planes intersecting said at least one respective gap interface and said transition means;
• said impulse radio energy guiding means comprising an ellipse structure and a low potential structure generally neighboring said ellipse structure;
• said low potential structure being substantially symmetric about a first plane;
• said ellipse structure having an origin;
• said ellipse structure having a major axis and a minor axis in a second plane;
• said second plane containing said origin and intersecting said first plane in a line;
• said ellipse structure extending an axial distance along one axis of said major axis and said minor axis in said second plane from said origin;
• said origin and said line being separated in said second plane by a distance equal to said axial distance pulse a gap distance.

A dipole antenna for transmitting and receiving radio energy between said transceiver and a medium adjacent to the antenna;

• the antenna comprising:
• (a) a radio energy guiding means for guiding said radio energy to and from said transceiver;
• said radio guiding means being connected with said transceiver;
• (b) a radio signal energy channeling structure for effecting said transmitting and said receiving;
• said radio signal energy channeling structure including a plurality of gap interfaces;
• and
• (c) a transition means for coupling said radio energy guiding means with said plurality of gap interfaces;
• said transition means conveying said radio energy intermediate said radio energy guiding means and said plurality of gap interfaces;
• each respective gap interface of said plurality of gap interfaces intersecting said transition means in an intersection;
• said intersection being a substantially continuous curve in selected planes intersecting said respective gap interface and said transition means;
• said radio energy guiding means comprising a first polyhedral structure and a second polyhedral structure;
• said first polyhedral structure having a first center of gravity and a first volume;
• said second polyhedral structure having a second center of gravity and a second volume;
• said first ellipsoid structure extending a first lateral distance from said first center of gravity toward said second center of gravity in a plane containing said first center of gravity and said second center of gravity;
• said second polyhedral structure extending a second lateral distance from said second center of gravity toward said first center of gravity in said plane;
• said first center of gravity and said second center of gravity being separated in said plane by a distance equal to said first lateral distance plus said second lateral distance plus a gap distance.

A monopole antenna or use with an impulse radio transceiver for transmitting and receiving impulse radio energy between said transceiver and a medium adjacent to the antenna;

• the antenna comprising:
• (a) an impulse radio energy guiding means for guiding said impulse radio energy to and from said transceiver;
• said impulse radio energy guiding means being connected with said transceiver;
• (b) an impulse radio signal energy channeling structure for effecting said transmitting and said receiving;
• said impulse radio signal energy channeling structure including a plurality of gap interfaces;
• and
• (c) a transition means for coupling said impulse radio energy guiding means with said plurality of gap interfaces;
• said transition means conveying said impulse radio energy intermediate said impulse radio energy guiding means and said at least one gap interface;
• at least one respective gap interface of said plurality of gap interfaces intersecting said transition means in an intersection;
• said intersection being a substantially continuous curve in selected planes intersecting said at least one respective gap interface and said transition means;
• said impulse radio energy guiding means comprising a polygonal structure and a low potential structure generally neighboring said polygonal structure;
• said low potential structure being substantially symmetric about a first plane;
• said polygonal structure having a center of gravity contained in a said second plane;
• said second plane intersecting said first plane in a line;
• said polygonal structure extending a lateral distance from said center of gravity toward said first plane in said second plane;
• said center of gravity and said line being separated in said second plane by a distance equal to said lateral distance plus a gap distance.

A dipole antenna for use with an impulse radio transceiver for transmitting and receiving impulse radio energy between said transceiver and a medium adjacent to the antenna;

• the antenna comprising:
• (a) an impulse radio energy guiding means for guiding said impulse radio energy to and from said transceiver;
• said impulse radio guiding means being connected with said transceiver;
• (b) an impulse radio signal energy channeling structure for effecting said transmitting and said receiving;
• said impulse radio signal energy channeling structure including a plurality of gap interfaces;
• and
• (c) a transition means for coupling said impulse radio energy guiding means with said plurality of gap interfaces;
• said transition means conveying said impulse radio energy intermediate said impulse radio energy guiding means and said plurality of gap interfaces;
• each respective gap interface of said plurality of gap interfaces intersecting said transition means in an intersection;
• said intersection being a substantially continuous curve in selected planes intersecting said respective gap interface and said transition means;
• said impulse radio energy guiding means comprising a first ellipsoid structure and a second ellipsoid structure;
• said first ellipsoid structure having a first origin and said second ellipsoid structure having a second origin;
• said first ellipsoid structure having a first major axis said a first minor axis in a plane intersecting said first origin and said second origin;
• said second ellipsoid structure having a second major axis and a second minor axis in said plane;
• said first ellipsoid structure extending a first axial distance along one axis of said first major axis and said first minor axis in said plane from said first origin;
• said second ellipsoid structure extending a second axial distance along one axis of said second major axis and said second minor axis in said plane from said second origin;
• said first origin and said second origin being separated in said plane by a distance equal to said first axial distance plus said second axial distance plus a gap distance.

A dipole antenna for use with an impulse radio transceiver for transmitting and receiving impulse radio energy between said transceiver and a medium adjacent to the antenna;

• the antenna comprising:
• (a) an impulse radio energy guiding means for guiding said impulse radio energy to and from said transceiver;
• said impulse radio guiding means being connected with said transceiver;
• (b) an impulse radio signal energy channeling structure for effecting said transmitting and said receiving;
• said impulse radio signal energy channeling structure including a plurality of gap interfaces;
• and
• (c) a transition means for coupling said impulse radio energy guiding means with said plurality of gap interfaces;
• said transition means conveying said impulse radio energy intermediate said impulse radio energy guiding means and said plurality of gap interfaces;
• each respective gap interface of said plurality of gap interfaces intersecting said transition means in an intersection;
• said intersection being a substantially continuous curve in selected planes intersecting said respective gap interface and said transition means;
• said impulse radio energy guiding means comprising a first polyhedral structure and a second polyhedral structure;
• said first polyhedral structure having a first center of gravity and a first volume;
• said second polyhedral structure having a second center of gravity and a second volume;
• said first ellipsoid structure extending a first lateral distance from said first center of gravity toward said second center of gravity in a plane containing said first center of gravity and said second center of gravity;
• said second polyhedral structure extending a second lateral distance from said second center of gravity toward said first center of gravity in said plane;
• said first center of gravity and said second center of gravity being separated in said plane by a distance equal to said first lateral distance plus said second lateral distance plus a gap distance.