Constrained filament niobium-based superconductor composite and process of fabrication

A process for manufacturing a niobium-based superconductor selected from the group consisting of Nb3Sn, Nb3Al, NbN, and NbC comprising the steps of establishing multiple niobium components in a billet of a ductile metal, working the composite billet through a series of reduction steps to form said niobium components into elongated elements, each said element having a thickness on the order of 1 to 25 microns, surrounding said billet with a porous confining layer of an acid resistant metal, immersing said confined billet in an acid to remove said ductile metal from between the niobium elements while the niobium elements remain confined by said porous layer, exposing the confined mass of niobium elements to a material capable of reacting with Nb to form a superconductor, wherein said material is nitrogen.

A process for manufacturing a B1 type compound superconductor comprising the steps of establishing multiple primary metal component in a billet of a ductile metal, working the composite billet through a series of reduction steps to form said primary metal components into elongated elements, each said element having a thickness in the order of 1 to 25 microns, surrounding said elements with a porous confining layer of an acid resistant metal, immersing said confined elements in an acid to remove said ductile metal from between the primary metal elements while the primary elements remain confined by said porous layer, contacting the confined mass of primary metal elements with a reactant and reacting the primary metal elements with the reactant to form the B1 superconducting compound.

The process for manufacturing a Nb3Sn superconductor comprising the steps of establishing multiple niobium components in a billet of a ductile metal, working the composite billet through a series of reduction steps to form said niobium components into elongated elements, each said element having a thickness on the order of 1 to 25 microns, surrounding said billet with a porous confining layer of an acid resistant metal, immersing said confined billet in an acid to remove said ductile metal from between the niobium elements while the niobium elements remain confined by said porous layer, immersing the confined mass of niobium elements in a liquid metal containing tin to coat said niobium elements with said liquid metal and subsequently reacting said tin with the Nb filaments to form NB3Sn, wherein said billet is surrounded by said porous layer prior to the last reduction step.

The process for manufacturing a Nb3Sn superconductor comprising the steps of establishing multiple niobium components in a billet of a ductile metal, working the composite billet through a series of reduction steps to form said niobium components into elongated elements, each said element having a thickness on the order of 1 to 25 microns, surrounding said billet with a porous confining layer of an acid resistant metal, immersing said confined billet in an acid to remove said ductile metal from between the niobium elements while the niobium elements remain confined by said porous layer, immersing the confined mass of niobium elements in a liquid metal containing tin to coat said niobium elements with said liquid metal and subsequently reacting said tin with the Nb filaments to form NB3Sn, wherein said porous layer is created by twisting the reduced billet so that outer elements in the billet serve to confine inner elements in the billet when the ductile metal is removed from the billet.

The process for manufacturing a Nb3Sn superconductor comprising the steps of establishing multiple niobium components in a billet of a ductile metal, working the composite billet through a series of reduction steps to form said niobium components into elongated elements, each said element having a thickness on the order of 1 to 25 microns, surrounding said billet with a porous confining layer of an acid resistant metal, immersing said confined billet in an acid to remove said ductile metal from between the niobium elements while the niobium elements remain confined by said porous layer, immersing the confined mass of niobium elements in a liquid metal containing tin to coat said niobium elements with said liquid metal and subsequently reacting said tin with the Nb filaments to form NB3Sn, wherein said porous layer is created by running at least one outer element along the outer surface of the reduced billet and twisting the reduced billet so that outer elements in the billet serve to confine inner elements in the billet when the ductile metal is removed from the billet.

A process for manufacturing a Nb3Sn superconductor comprising the steps of establishing multiple niobium components in a billet of a ductile metal, working the composite billet through a series of reduction steps to form said niobium components into elongated elements, each said element having a thickness on the order of 1 to 25 microns, surrounding said billet with a porous confining layer of a solvent resistant metal, immersing said confined billet in a displacing metal for said ductile metal at an elevated temperature whereby said displacing metal replaces said ductile metal with itself to remove said ductile metal from between the niobium elements while the niobium elements remain confined by said porous layer, immersing the confined mass of niobium elements in a liquid metal containing tin to coat said niobium elements with said liquid metal and subsequently reacting said tin with the Nb filaments to form Nb3Sn, the liquid metal being a copper alloy containing up to 95 wt % Sn and at least 13 wt % Sn, wherein the liquid metal coated niobium is rapidly quenched after removal from the metal bath.

A process for manufacturing a Nb3Sn superconductor comprising the steps of establishing multiple niobium components in a billet of a ductile metal, working the composite billet through a series of reduction steps to form said niobium components into elongated elements, each said element having a thickness on the order of 1 to 25 microns, surrounding said billet with a porous confining layer, immersing said confined billet a liquid metal bath heated to a temperature of 700 to 1200° C. comprising a metal or metal alloy capable of alloying with the ductile metal whereby to replace said ductile metal from between the said niobium elements with an alloy of said ductile metal and said alloying metal, reacting said tin or tin alloy with the Nb filaments to form Nb3Sn.