Single switch electronic dimming ballast

An electronic ballast for driving at least one gas discharge lamp from a source of AC power which has a substantially sinusoidal line voltage at a given line frequency, comprising:

• a rectifying circuit having AC input terminals and DC output terminals, said AC input terminals connectable to said source of AC power, said rectifying circuit producing a rectified output voltage at its said DC output terminals when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• a valley fill circuit having input and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said valley fill circuit connected to said DC output terminals of said rectifying circuit;
• an inverter circuit having input terminals and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said inverter circuit connected to said output terminals of said valley fill circuit and said output terminals of said inverter circuit connectable to said at least one gas discharge lamp and producing a high frequency drive voltage for driving a lamp current through said at least one gas discharge lamp when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• said inverter circuit comprising a single controllably conductive device and an inductor;
• said inductor connectable to said at least one gas discharge lamp;
• said inverter circuit being adapted to draw current from said source of AC power whereby the total current drawn from said source of AC power has a total harmonic distortion below about 33.3%;
• and whereby the lamp current has a current crest factor below about 1.7.

An electronic ballast for driving at least one gas discharge lamp from a source of AC power which has a substantially sinusoidal line voltage at a given line frequency, comprising:

• a first rectifying circuit having AC input terminals and DC output terminals, said AC Input terminals connectable to said source of AC power, said first rectifying circuit including a first rectifier producing a rectified output voltage at its said DC output terminals when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• a valley fill circuit having input and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said valley fill circuit connected to said DC output terminals of said first rectifying circuit, said valley fill circuit including an energy storage device connected to said output terminals of said valley fill circuit;
• an inverter circuit having input terminals and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said inverter circuit connected to said output terminals of said valley fill circuit and said output terminals of said inverter circuit connectable to said at least one gas discharge lamp, and producing a high frequency drive voltage for driving a lamp current through said at least one gas discharge lamp when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• said inverter circuit including a single controllably conductive device and further including a winding and a second rectifier connected to one another and to said output terminals of said valley fill circuit whereby the maximum voltage across said winding is limited to the instantaneous voltage at said output terminals of said valley fill circuit when said controllably conductive device is non conductive.

An electronic ballast for driving at least one gas discharge lamp from a source of AC power which has a substantially sinusoidal line voltage at a given line frequency, comprising:

• a first rectifying circuit having AC input terminals and DC output terminals, said AC input terminals connectable to said source of AC power, said first rectifying circuit including a first rectifier producing a rectified output voltage at its said DC output terminals when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• an inverter circuit having input terminals and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said inverter circuit connected to said output terminals of said first rectifying circuit and said output terminals of said inverter circuit connectable to said at least one gas discharge lamp, and producing a high frequency drive voltage for driving a lamp current through said at least one gas discharge lamp when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• said inverter circuit comprising a single controllably conductive device, a second rectifier and a transformer;
• said transformer including a first and second winding;
• said first winding connected to said DC output terminals of said first rectifying circuit through said second rectifier, whereby the voltage on said first winding is limited to the voltage at said input terminals of said inverter circuit during a non-conductive state of said single controllably conductive device, and further wherein the voltage on said first winding determines a maximum voltage stress on said single controllably conductive device during a non-conduction state of said single controllably conductive device, and establishes a maximum instantaneous voltage on said second winding of the transformer during a non-conduction state of said single controllably conductive device;
• said second winding being connected to said single controllably conductive device.

An electronic ballast for driving at least one gas discharge lamp from a source of AC power which has a substantially sinusoidal line voltage at a given line frequency, comprising:

• a rectifying circuit having AC input terminals and DC output terminals, said AC input terminals connectable to said source of AC power, said rectifying circuit producing a rectified output voltage at its said DC output terminals when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• a valley fill circuit having input and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said valley fill circuit connected to said DC output terminals of said rectifying circuit, said valley fill circuit including an energy storage device connected to said output terminals of said valley fill circuit;
• an inverter circuit having input terminals and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said inverter circuit connected to said output terminals of said valley fill circuit and said output terminals of said inverter circuit connectable to said at least one gas discharge lamp, and producing a high frequency drive voltage for driving a lamp current through said at least one gas discharge lamp when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• said inverter circuit comprising a clamp winding coupled to said energy storage device of said valley fill circuit whereby said clamp winding diverts current to said energy storage device to recharge said energy storage device, wherein said current diverted by said clamp winding is the only current which recharges said energy storage device of said valley fill circuit.

An electronic ballast for driving at least one gas discharge lamp from a source of AC power which has a substantially sinusoidal line voltage at a given line frequency, comprising:

• a rectifying circuit having AC input terminals and DC output terminals, said AC input terminals connectable to said source of AC power, said rectifying circuit producing a rectified output voltage at its said DC output terminals when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• an inverter circuit having input terminals and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said inverter circuit connected to said output terminals of said rectifying circuit;
• an output circuit having input terminals and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said output circuit connected to said output terminals of said inverter circuit;
• and said output terminals of said output circuit connectable to said at least one gas discharge lamp;
• said inverter circuit producing a high frequency drive voltage for driving a lamp current through said at least one gas discharge lamp when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• said inverter circuit comprising a single controllably conductive device and an inductor connected in series with one another and to said input terminals of said inverter circuit;
• said output circuit comprising a resonant tank, whereby said electronic ballast draws a ballast input current from said source of AC power and said ballast input current total harmonic distortion is reduced below about 33.3%;
• and
• further including a valley fill circuit having input and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said valley fill circuit connected to said DC output terminals of said rectifying circuit.

An electronic ballast for driving at least one gas discharge lamp from a source of AC power which has a substantially sinusoidal line voltage at a given line frequency, comprising:

• a rectifying circuit having AC input terminals and DC output terminals, said AC input terminals connectable to said source of AC power, said rectifying circuit producing a rectified output voltage at its said DC output terminals when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• an inverter circuit having input terminals and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said inverter circuit connected to said output terminals of said rectifying circuit and said output terminals of said inverter circuit connectable to said at least one gas discharge lamp, and producing a high frequency drive voltage for driving a lamp current through said at least one gas discharge lamp when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• said inverter circuit comprising a single controllably conductive device;
• a control circuit coupled to said single controllably conductive device and operable to enable and disable conduction of said device for controllable lengths of time;
• said controllable lengths of time when conduction is enabled being reduced during a time around a time of a peak of an absolute value of said substantially sinusoidal line voltage whereby the current crest factor of said lamp current is reduced from that which would have occurred in the absence of said reduction of the controllable lengths of time when conduction is enabled, wherein said reduction of said controllable lengths of time when conduction is enabled is further selected to keep the ballast input current total harmonic distortion below about 33.3%.

An electronic ballast for driving at least one gas discharge lamp from a source of AC power which has a substantially sinusoidal line voltage at a given line frequency, comprising:

• a rectifying circuit having AC input terminals and DC output terminals, said AC input terminals connectable to said source of AC power, said rectifying circuit producing a rectified output voltage at its said DC output terminals when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• an inverter circuit having input terminals;
• said input terminals of said inverter circuit connected to said output terminals of said rectifying circuit;
• an output circuit having input terminals and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said output circuit connected to said output terminals of said inverter circuit;
• and said output terminals of said output circuit connectable to said at least one gas discharge lamp;
• said inverter circuit producing a high frequency drive voltage for driving a lamp current through said at least one gas discharge lamp when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• said inverter circuit comprising a single controllably conductive device and a first inductor connected in series with one another and to said input terminals of said inverter circuit;
• said output circuit comprising a second inductor, whereby said electronic ballast draws a ballast input current from said source of AC power and said ballast input current total harmonic distortion is reduced below about 33.3%;
• and
• further including a valley fill circuit having input and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said valley fill circuit connected to said DC output terminals of said rectifying circuit.

An electronic ballast for driving at least one gas discharge lamp from a source of AC power which has a substantially sinusoidal line voltage at a given line frequency, comprising:

• a rectifying circuit having AC input terminals and DC output terminals, said AC input terminals connectable to said source of AC power, said rectifying circuit producing a rectified output voltage at its said DC output terminals when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• an inverter circuit having input terminals and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said inverter circuit connected to said output terminals of said rectifying circuit;
• an output circuit having input terminals and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said output circuit connected to said output terminals of said inverter circuit;
• and said output terminals of said output circuit connectable to said at least one gas discharge lamp;
• said inverter circuit producing a high frequency drive voltage for driving a lamp current through said at least one gas discharge lamp when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• said inverter circuit comprising a single controllably conductive device and an inductor connected in series with one another and to said input terminals of said inverter circuit;
• said output circuit comprising a resonant tank, whereby said electronic ballast draws a ballast input current from said source of AC power and said ballast input current total harmonic distortion is reduced below about 33.3%;
• and
• further including a valley fill circuit having input and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said valley fill circuit connected to said DC output terminals of said rectifying circuit;
• and further including a cat ear circuit connected to said source of AC power;
• said cat ear circuit being adapted to conduct current for a first relatively short time following a first zero crossing of said line voltage and for a second relatively short time prior to a next zero crossing of said line voltage.

An electronic ballast for driving at least one gas discharge lamp from a source of AC power which has a substantially sinusoidal line voltage at a given line frequency, comprising:

• a rectifying circuit having AC input terminals and DC output terminals, said AC input terminals connectable to said source of AC power, said rectifying circuit producing a rectified output voltage at its said DC output terminals when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• an inverter circuit having input terminals and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said inverter circuit connected to said output terminals of said rectifying circuit;
• an output circuit having input terminals and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said output circuit connected to said output terminals of said inverter circuit;
• and said output terminals of said output circuit connectable to said at least one gas discharge lamp;
• said inverter circuit producing a high frequency drive voltage for driving a lamp current through said at least one gas discharge lamp when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• said inverter circuit comprising a single controllably conductive device and an inductor connected in series with one another and to said input terminals of said inverter circuit;
• said output circuit comprising a resonant tank, whereby said electronic ballast draws a ballast input current from said source of AC power and said ballast input current total harmonic distortion is reduced below about 33.3%;
• and
• further including a valley fill circuit having input and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said valley fill circuit connected to said DC output terminals of said rectifying circuit;
• and further including a cat ear circuit connected to said source of AC power;
• said cat ear circuit being adapted to conduct current for a first relatively short time following a first zero crossing of said line voltage and for a second relatively short time prior to a next zero crossing of said line voltage thereby to reduce the ballast input current total harmonic distortion from that which would exist in the absence of said cat ear circuit.

An electronic ballast for driving at least one gas discharge lamp from a source of AC power which has a substantially sinusoidal line voltage at a given line frequency, comprising:

• a rectifying circuit having AC input terminals and DC output terminals, said AC input terminals connectable to said source of AC power, said rectifying circuit producing a rectified output voltage at its said DC output terminals when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• an inverter circuit having input terminals and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said inverter circuit connected to said output terminals of said rectifying circuit;
• an output circuit having input terminals and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said output circuit connected to said output terminals of said inverter circuit;
• and said output terminals of said output circuit connectable to said at least one gas discharge lamp;
• said inverter circuit producing a high frequency drive voltage for driving a lamp current through said at least one gas discharge lamp when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• said inverter circuit comprising a single controllably conductive device and an inductor connected in series with one another and to said input terminals of said inverter circuit;
• said output circuit comprising a resonant tank, whereby said electronic ballast draws a ballast input current from said source of AC power and said ballast input current total harmonic distortion is reduced below about 33.3%;
• and
• further including a valley fill circuit having input and output terminals;
• said input terminals of said valley fill circuit connected to said DC output terminals of said rectifying circuit;
• further comprising:
• a control circuit coupled to said single controllably conductive device and operable to enable and disable conduction of said device for controllable lengths of time;
• said controllable lengths of time when conduction is enabled being reduced during a time around a time of a peak of an absolute value of said substantially sinusoidal line voltage whereby the current crest factor of said lamp current is reduced from that which would have occurred in the absence of said reduction of the controllable lengths of time when conduction is enabled, wherein said reduction of said controllable lengths of time when conduction is enabled is further selected to maintain the ballast input current total harmonic distortion below about 33.3%.

In an electronic ballast for driving at least one gas discharge lamp from a source of AC power which has a substantially sinusoidal line voltage at a given line frequency;

• the method of reducing the ballast input current total harmonic distortion below about 33.3% and of reducing lamp current crest factor below about 2.1, comprising the steps of:
• a) rectifying said substantially sinusoidal line voltage from said source of AC power to provide a rectified voltage;
• b) producing a DC voltage that is a predetermined percentage of a peak of said rectified voltage;
• c) modifying the rectified voltage by supplying said DC voltage between peaks of the rectified voltage to provide a valley filled voltage;
• and
• d) inverting the valley filled voltage in an inverter circuit with a single controllably conductive device to provide a lamp current to drive said at least one gas discharge lamp.

In an electronic ballast for driving at least one gas discharge lamp from a source of AC power which has a substantially sinusoidal line voltage at a given line frequency;

• a method for setting a voltage on an energy storage capacitor of a valley fill circuit in said electronic ballast, comprising the steps of:
• a) rectifying said substantially sinusoidal line voltage from said source of AC power to provide a rectified voltage;
• b) inverting said rectified voltage in an inverter circuit to provide a tamp current to drive said at least one gas discharge lamp;
• c) applying a charging current to said energy storage capacitor of said valley fill circuit solely from a winding in said inverter circuit to charge said energy storage capacitor to a predetermined voltage level;
• and
• d) constraining the voltage on said controllably conductive device to be limited to a predetermined multiple of said rectified voltage when said device is non-conducting by diverting a portion of said energy stored in the inductor into a voltage source.

In an electronic ballast for driving at least one gas discharge lamp from a source of AC power which has a substantially sinusoidal line voltage at a given line frequency;

• a method for constraining a voltage on a controllably conductive device in a single switch inverter of said electronic ballast, said method comprising the steps of:
• a) rectifying said substantially sinusoidal line voltage from said source of AC power to provide a rectified voltage;
• b) inverting said rectified voltage to drive a current through said at least one gas discharge lamp and storing energy in an inductor by applying said rectified voltage to said inductor under the control of said conductive controllably conductive device, and;
• c) constraining the voltage on said controllably conductive device to be limited to a predetermined multiple of said rectified voltage when said device is non-conducting by diverting a portion of said energy stored in the inductor into a voltage source.

In an electronic ballast for driving at least one gas discharge lamp from a source of AC power which has a substantially sinusoidal line voltage at a given line frequency;

• a method for recharging an energy storage capacitor in a valley fill circuit of said ballast;
• said method comprising the steps of:
• a) rectifying said substantially sinusoidal line voltage from said source of AC power to provide a rectified voltage;
• b) inverting said rectified voltage to drive a current through said at least one gas discharge lamp and storing energy in an inductor by applying said rectified voltage to said inductor under the control of a conductive controllably conductive device, and;
• c) constraining the voltage on said controllably conductive device to a predetermined level when said controllably conductive device is non-conductive, by diverting a portion of said energy stored in the inductor through a winding into said energy storage capacitor of said valley fill circuit, wherein said energy diverted through said winding is the only energy which charges said energy storage capacitor of said valley fill circuit.

In an electronic ballast for driving at least one gas discharge lamp from a source of AC power which has a substantially sinusoidal line voltage at a given line frequency, a method for reducing a current crest factor of a lamp current provided by said electronic ballast and maintaining the ballast input current total harmonic distortion at or below about 33.3% comprising the steps of:

• a) rectifying said substantially sinusoidal line voltage from said source of AC power to provide a rectified voltage;
• b) inverting said rectified voltage in an inverter circuit having a single controllably conductive device to provide the lamp current to said at least one gas discharge lamp;
• c) reducing the conduction time of said single controllably conductive device during a time around a time of a peak of an absolute value of said substantially sinusoidal line voltage to reduce the value of the current crest factor of said lamp current of said at least one gas discharge lamp below a predetermined value;
• and
• d) restricting the reduction of conduction time of said single controllably conductive device so that the ballast input current total harmonic distortion is maintained at or below about 33.3%.

An electronic ballast for driving at least one gas discharge lamp from a source of AC power which has a substantially sinusoidal line voltage at a given line frequency, comprising:

• a rectifying circuit having AC input terminals and DC output terminals, said AC input terminals connectable to said source of AC power, said rectifying circuit producing a rectified output voltage at its said DC output terminals when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• an inverter circuit comprising a single controllably conductive device having input terminals connected to said output terminals of said rectifying circuit;
• the inverter circuit including an inductive device coupled to a primary energy storage device;
• wherein said electronic ballast input current in-rush is limited by the operation of the single controllably conductive device whereby when the single controllably conductive device becomes nonconductive, a voltage is developed across the inductive device to limit the in-rush current flowing into the primary energy storage device with the inductive device providing the only current for recharging said primary energy storage device.

An electronic ballast for driving at least one gas discharge lamp from a source of AC power which has a substantially sinusoidal line voltage at a given line frequency, comprising:

• a rectifying circuit having AC input terminals and DC output terminals, said AC input terminals connectable to said source of AC power, said rectifying circuit producing a rectified output voltage at its said DC output terminals when said AC input terminals are energized by said source of AC power;
• an inverter circuit comprising a single controllably conductive device having input terminals connected to said output terminals of said rectifying circuit;
• wherein said electronic ballast input current in-rush is limited by the operation of the single controllably conductive device;
• wherein said electronic ballast input current in-rush is limited by providing in said inverter circuit an inductance coupled across the input terminals of said inverter circuit, said inductance including a tap, said tap coupled to charge a primary energy storage capacitor of the electronic ballast.