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US 6,747,285 B2Granted
Optical modulator/detector based on reconfigurable diffraction grating
AssigneePresident and Fellows of Harvard College
InventorsOlivier J. A. Schueller, David C. Duffy, John A. Rogers, Scott T. Brittain, George M. Whitesides
Life of this patent
Estimating the term…
Abstract
A system is provided for positioning separate portions of a sample in elongate, parallel channels of a sample chamber and for irradiating a sample in the chamber to create a diffraction pattern where the sample and chamber differ in refractive index. The system also can measure absorption of electromagnetic radiation by a sample in the chamber, and can measure the absorption simultaneously with measurement of diffraction by the sample.
Claims46
A method comprising:
- establishing a first electromagnetic radiation diffraction pattern resulting from interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a system including separate portions of a first sample;
- changing the first sample to a second sample and establishing a second diffraction pattern resulting from interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the system including a second sample;
- and
- determining the difference between the first and second diffraction patterns.
1 more element
A method comprising:
- exposing separate portions of a first sample to electromagnetic radiation, without exposing any portion of the first sample between the separate portions to the electromagnetic radiation, and determining absorption of the electromagnetic radiation by the first sample;
- exposing separate portions of a second sample to electromagnetic radiation, without exposing portions of the second sample between the separate portions to the electromagnetic radiation and determining absorption of the electromagnetic radiation by the second sample;
- and
- determining a difference in absorption of the second sample as compared to the first sample.
1 more element
A system comprising:
- a sample system constructed and arranged to deliver a sample via a sample inlet and to position first and second portions of the sample separately and in isolation from each other;
- at least one source of electromagnetic radiation positioned to irradiate the first and second portions;
- and
- at least one absorption detector positioned to detect absorption of the first and second portions.
1 more element
A system comprising:
- a sample system constructed and arranged to position first and second portions of a first sample separately and in isolation from each other;
- a source of electromagnetic radiation positioned to irradiate the first and second portions;
- a detector positioned to determine diffraction of the electromagnetic radiation by the first and second portions;
- and
- a pump constructed and arranged to displace the first sample with a second sample.
2 more elements
A system comprising:
- a sample chamber constructed and arranged to position first and second portions of a sample separately and in isolation;
- at least one source of electromagnetic radiation positioned to irradiate the first and second portions;
- and
- at least one absorption detector positioned to detect absorption of the first and second portions.
1 more element
A system comprising:
- a sample chamber defined by an elastomeric article having a first surface including a plurality of protrusions and indentations, outward-facing surfaces of the protrusions forming a seal against a surface of a second article, the indentations and portions of the surface of the second article defining a plurality of elongate, essentially parallel fluid channels constructed and arranged to receive a fluid and to pass the fluid through the channels;
- a pump constructed and arranged to urge a sample through the channels;
- at least one source of electromagnetic radiation positioned to irradiate a sample in the sample chamber channels;
- a detector positioned to determine absorption of electromagnetic radiation directed at a sample in the sample chamber channels;
- and
- a diffraction detector positioned to detect diffraction of electromagnetic radiation directed at a sample in the sample chamber channels.
3 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.