A process for producing unsaturated fatty acids, wherein said unsaturated fatty acid is at least one selected from the group consisting of arachidonic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, which process comprises
- culturing a microorganism belonging to the genus Mortierella, wherein the microorganism is selected from the group consisting of Mortierella alpina, Mortierella elongata, Mortierella exigua and Mortierella hygrophila,
- in a culture medium containing phosphate ions in the range of 5 to 60 mM, potassium ions in the range of 5 to 60 mM, sodium ions in the range of 2 to 50 mM, magnesium ions in the range of 0.5 to 9 mM, and calcium ions in the range of 0.5 to 12 mM, respectively,
- to produce said unsaturated fatty acid.