Magnetic recording disk

A magnetic storage apparatus comprising:

• a magnetic recording medium comprising a substrate,
• an inorganic compound underlayer including a first oxide having a crystalline grain structure and a second oxide having a non-crystalline structure formed over the substrate, wherein the second oxide is formed along the grain boundaries of the first oxide,
• a magnetic layer formed over the underlayer;
• wherein the inorganic compound underlayer has a honeycomb structure,
• and further wherein a material contained in the inorganic compound underlayer that forms a non-crystalline portion is ⅙ or more;
• a magnetic recording medium driver for driving the magnetic recording medium;
• a magnetic head for writing into and reading from the magnetic recording medium;
• a head access system for driving the magnetic head;
• and
• a read/write signal processing system for processing the read/write signals to and from the magnetic head.