# US 6,721,069 B1 · Mapping from full color to highlight color and texture

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- Number: US 6,721,069 B1
- Document ID: US6721069B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 09/432,058
- Filed: 1999-10-28
- Granted: 2004-04-13
- Earliest claimed: 1999-10-28
- Assignees: Xerox Corporation
- Inventors: Steven J. Harrington
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US6721069B1

## CPC

- H04N 1/56: Processing of colour picture signals (H04N1/52 takes precedence)
- G06T 11/10: Texturing; Colouring; Generation of textures or colours (retouching, inpainting or scratch removal G06T5/77)
- H04N 1/6058: {Reduction of colour to a range of reproducible colours, e.g. to ink- reproducible colour gamut}
- H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- G06T: IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL

## Abstract

A method of color image processing for mapping an input image from a full color gamut to a textured highlight color gamut includes defining an input color in a desired three dimensional color space by determining intensity values for a first color coordinate, a second color coordinate, and a third color coordinate. A halftone cell is partitioned into first and second regions such that the first region contains first pixels, and the second region contains second pixels. Based on the intensity values, a first number of first pixels are selected for rendering in a highlight color. The first number of first pixels are selected from all the first pixels in a first sequential order. Again based on the intensity values, a second number of first pixels are selected for rendering in a base color. This time the second number of first pixels are selected from all the first pixels in a second sequential order. Preferably, the second sequential order is opposite the first sequential order. Based on the intensity values, a first number of second pixels are selected for rendering in the highlight color with the first number of second pixels being selected from all the second pixels in a third sequential order. Also based on the intensity values, a second number of second pixels are selected for rendering in the base color, and the second number of second pixels are selected from all the second pixels in a fourth sequential order. Preferably, the fourth sequential order is opposite the third sequential order.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of color image processing for mapping an input image from a full color gamut to a textured highlight color gamut, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) defining an input color in a desired three dimensional color space by determining intensity values for a first color coordinate, a second color coordinate, and a third color coordinate;
(b) partitioning a halftone cell into first and second regions, said first region containing first pixels and said second region containing second pixels;
(c) based on the intensity values, selecting a first number of first pixels for rendering in a highlight color, said first number of first pixels being selected from all the first pixels in a first sequential order;
(d) based on the intensity values, selecting a second number of first pixels for rendering in a base color, said second number of first pixels being selected from all the first pixels in a second sequential order;
(e) based on the intensity values, selecting a first number of second pixels for rendering in the highlight color, said first number of second pixels being selected from all the second pixels in a third sequential order; and,
(f) based on the intensity values, selecting a second number of second pixels for rendering in the base color, said second number of second pixels being selected from all the second pixels in a fourth sequential order.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second regions are distinct non-overlapping regions that cover the halftone cell.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein the second sequential order is opposite the first sequential order.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein the fourth sequential order is opposite the third sequential order.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein the intensity value for the first color coordinate represents an amount of highlight color present in the input color.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The method according to claim 5, wherein in step (c) the first number of first pixels selected is based upon an amount by which the intensity value for the first color coordinate is greater than the intensity value for the third color coordinate.

### Claim 7 (depends on 5)

The method according to claim 5, wherein in step (e) the first number of second pixels selected is based upon an amount by which the intensity value for the first color coordinate is greater than the intensity value for the second color coordinate.

### Claim 8 (depends on 5)

The method according to claim 5, wherein in step (d) the second number for first pixels selected is based upon a first fixed relationship between the intensity values for the first, second, and third color coordinates.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The method according to claim 8, wherein in step (f) the second number of second pixels selected is based upon a second fixed relationship between the intensity values for the first, second, and third color coordinates, said second fixed relationship being equivalent to the first fix relationship with the intensity values for the second and third color coordinates being transposed.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The method according to claim 8, wherein, when the intensity values are normalized so that they range on a scale from 0 representing completely unsaturated to 1 representing fully saturated, the first fixed relationship is given by a term k1 such that:
k1=max{0,min[1−max(0,u−w),(1−u)(1−v)(1−w)+(w−v)w(1−v)+n(1−u)vw]}
where u represents the intensity value for the first color coordinate; v represents the intensity value for the second color coordinate; w represent the intensity value for the third color coordinate; n is a variable parameter which controls an amount of influence of its associated term (1−u)vw; max is a function which returns a value corresponding to its highest argument value; and, min is a function which returns a value corresponding to its lowest argument value.

### Claim 11 (depends on 5)

The method according to claim 5, wherein a size of the first region relative to the second region is proportional to a luminance of the second color coordinate relative to the third color coordinate.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, said method further comprising:
sampling the input color from the input image in an alternate three dimensional color space; and,
applying a transform to the sampled input color to define the input color in the desired three dimensional color space.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The method according to claim 12, wherein the desired three-dimensional color space is based upon the highlight color.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The method according to claim 13, wherein the transform applied depends upon coordinates of the highlight color in the alternate three-dimensional color space.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The method according to claim 14, wherein the desired three-dimensional color space is such that regardless of highlight color selection an amount of highlight color rendered reflects an amount of highlight color in the sampled input color.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein the base color is selected from a group consisting of black and white.

### Claim 17

A color image processing system, said color image processing system comprising:
an image input terminal which reads an input image represented in a full color gamut;
an image output terminal which renders the input image in a textured highlight color gamut; and,
an image processing unit which samples colors from the input image and maps the sampled colors to textured highlight color patterns, wherein said image processing unit employs a divided halftone cell to map the sampled colors to the textured highlight color patterns, said divided halftone cell comprising:
a first region encompassing a first set of pixels, wherein output states for said first set of pixels are controlled in response to values for first and second terms determined based upon intensity values of color coordinates defining the sampled colors; and,
a second region which does not overlap the first region, said second region encompassing a second set of pixels, wherein output states for said second set of pixels are controlled in response to values for third and fourth terms determined based upon intensity values of color coordinates defining the sampled colors.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The color image processing system according to claim 17, wherein there are three color coordinates defining the sampled colors, and one of the three color coordinates represents an amount of highlight color present in the sampled colors.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The color image processing system according to claim 18, wherein when two color coordinates defining the sampled colors are transposed the first term is substantially the same as the third term and the second term is substantially the same as the fourth terms, said two color coordinates both being other than that one which represents an amount of highlight color present in the sampled colors.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The color image processing system according to claim 19, wherein each pixel in the first set of pixel has a first and second threshold level corresponding to the first and second terms, respectively, such that the output state of each pixel in the first set of pixels is determined in response to the values for the first and second terms relative to the first and second threshold levels therefor; and,
wherein each pixel in the second set of pixel has a third and fourth threshold level corresponding to the third and fourth terms, respectively, such that the output state of each pixel in the second set of pixels is determined in response to the values for the third and fourth terms relative to the third and fourth threshold levels therefor.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

The color image processing system according to claim 20, wherein pixels in the first set of pixels having progressively higher first threshold levels have progressively lower second threshold levels, and pixels in the second set of pixels having progressively higher third threshold levels have progressively lower fourth threshold levels.