# US 6,720,107 B1 · Redox gel battery > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 6,720,107 B1 - Document ID: US6720107B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 09/719,311 - Filed: 2001-02-11 - Granted: 2004-04-13 - Earliest claimed: 1998-06-09 - Assignees: Farnow Technologies PTY Limited - Inventors: Stephen Wayne Holtom; Chris Menictas - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US6720107B1 ## CPC - B60L 3/0046: {relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors} - B60L 50/64: Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles - B60L 53/11: {DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4} - B60L 53/55: Capacitors - B60L 53/65: involving identification of vehicles or their battery types - B60L 53/665: {Methods related to measuring, billing or payment} - B60L 58/14: Preventing excessive discharging - B60L 58/16: responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH] - B60L 58/22: Balancing the charge of battery modules - H01M 4/36: Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids - H01M 10/0431: {Cells with wound or folded electrodes (H01M10/045 takes precedence)} - H01M 10/36: Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 - H01M 10/42: Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells (H01M10/60 takes precedence) - H02J 7/00: Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries - H02J 7/927: {with introduction of pulses during the charging process} - B60L 2240/545: Temperature - B60L 2240/547: Voltage - B60L 2240/549: Current - B60L 2250/16: by display - B60L 2260/52: drive range estimation, e.g. of estimation of available travel distance - H01M 6/10: with wound or folded electrodes - H01M 8/188: {by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries} - H01M 10/44: Methods for charging or discharging (circuits for charging H02J7/00) - H01M 2250/20: Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane - H01M 2300/0085: Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte - Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries - Y02E 60/50: Fuel cells - Y02P 70/50: Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product - Y02T 10/70: Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries - Y02T 10/7072: Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors - Y02T 90/12: Electric charging stations - Y02T 90/14: Plug-in electric vehicles - Y02T 90/167: Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV] - Y02T 90/40: Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells - Y04S 30/14: Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing - B60L: PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of electrical propulsion units or of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion in vehicles B60K1/00, B60K6/20; arrangements or mounting of electrical gearing in vehicles B60K17/12, B60K17/14; preventing wheel slip by reducing power in rail vehicles B61C15/08; dynamo-electric machines H02K; control or regulation of electric motors H02P); SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (electric coupling devices combined with mechanical couplings of vehicles B60D1/64; electric heating for vehicles B60H1/00); ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL (control or regulation of electric motors H02P); MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES - H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION - Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS - Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION - Y04S: SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS ## Abstract A redox gel battery comprising at least one cell consisting of: (i) a positive gel electrolyte containing reactive ions which are reduced but do not undergo phase transfer during operation of the battery; (ii) a negative gel electrolyte containing reactive ions which are oxidized but do not undergo phase transfer during operation of the battery; and (iii) a membrane separating the positive and negative gel electrolytes. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A redox gel battery comprising at least one cell consisting of: (i) a positive gel electrolyte containing reactive ions which are reduced but do not undergo phase transfer during operation of the battery, (ii) a negative gel electrolyte containing reactive ions which are oxidized but do not undergo phase transfer during operation of the battery, and (iii) a membrane separating the positive and negative gel electrolytes. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A redox gel battery according to claim 1 and further including: (i) a positive electrode electrically connected to the positive gel electrolyte, and (ii) a negative electrode electrically connected to the negative gel electrolyte. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) A redox gel battery according to claim 2 wherein the electrodes are non-metallic. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) A redox gel battery according to claim 2 wherein the electrodes are inert. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) A redox gel battery according to claim 1 wherein the gels are super concentrated. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) A redox gel battery according to claim 1 which is a Cerium/Chromium redox gel battery. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) A redox gel battery according to claim 1 which is a Cerium Chloride/Chromium Chloride redox gel battery. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) A redox gel battery according to claim 7 wherein the positive gel electrolyte contains Ce++++ ions and the negative gel electrolyte contains Cr++ ions and where the Ce++++ ions are reduced to Ce+++ ions and the Cr++ ions are oxidized to Cr+++ ions during discharge of the battery. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) A redox gel battery according to claim 1 wherein each gel contains a gelling agent. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) A redox gel battery according to claim 9 wherein the gelling agent is silica. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) A redox gel battery according to claim 1 wherein the cell is wound as a spiral. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) A redox gel battery according to claim 1 having a stack of N cells and wherein adjacent cells are separated by a common electrode, there is a negative electrode on the outer face of the first cell and a positive electrode on the outer surface of the Nth cell. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) A redox gel battery according to claim 12 wherein the electrodes are non-metallic. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) A redox gel battery according to claim 12 wherein the electrodes are inert.