Fabrication of unit lenses for compound refractive lenses
AssigneeAdelphi Technology, Inc.
InventorsHector R. Beguiristain, Jay T. Cremer, Melvin A. Piestrup
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Abstract
A compound refractive lens for focusing, collecting, collimating and imaging with x-rays comprising N unit lenses numbered i=1 through N unit lenses substantially aligned along an axis such that i-th lens having a displacement ti orthogonal to said axis, with said axis located such that the sum of the lens displacements ti equals zero, and wherein each of said unit lenses comprises a lens material of lithium, carbon, or polyimide. A method for molding and housing the unit lenses is provided such that the unit lens have high surface and optical quality, and do not chemically deteriorate due to absorption of water or oxidation.
Claims28
A compound refractive lens for x-rays, comprising:
- a plurality of individual unit lenses comprising a total of N in number, said unit lenses hereinafter designated individually with numbers i=1 through N, said unit lenses substantially aligned along an axis, said i-th lens having a displacement ti orthogonal to said axis, with said axis located such that ∑ i = 1 N t i = 0
- wherein each of said unit lenses comprises a lens material selected from the group consisting of lithium, carbon, and polyimide, and having a refractive index decrement δ<1 at a wavelength λ<50 Angstroms;
- and
- wherein each of said individual unit lenses is an independent separate physical unit that can be stacked relative to other of said unit lenses.
A compound refractive lens for x-rays, comprising:
- a plurality of individual unit lenses comprising a total of N in number, said unit lenses hereinafter designated individually with numbers i=1 through N, said unit lenses substantially aligned along an axis, said i-th lens having a displacement ti orthogonal to said axis, with said axis located such that ∑ i = 1 N t i = 0 ;
- wherein each of said unit lenses comprises a lens material selected from the group consisting of lithium, carbon, and polyimide, and having a refractive index decrement δ<1 at a wavelength λ<50 Angstroms;
- wherein said displacements ti are distributed such that there is a standard deviation σt of said displacements ti about said axis;
- and
- wherein each of said unit lenses is a Fresnel refractive lens having a zone radii rm, rm−1, rm−2, . . . ,ro such that σt is less than the smallest zone (rm-rm−1).
A compound refractive lens for x-rays, comprising:
- a plurality of individual unit lenses comprising a total of N in number, said unit lenses hereinafter designated individually with numbers i=1 through N, said unit lenses substantially aligned along an axis, said i-th lens having a displacement ti orthogonal to said axis, with said axis located such that ∑ i = 1 N t i = 0 ;
- wherein each of said unit lenses is made of lithium and has a refractive index decrement δ<1 at a wavelength λ<50 Angstroms;
- and
- wherein each of said individual unit lenses is an independent separate physical unit that can be stacked relative to other of said unit lenses.
A compound refractive lens for x-rays, comprising:
- a plurality of individual unit lenses comprising a total of N in number, said unit lenses hereinafter designated individually with numbers i=1 through N, said unit lenses substantially aligned along an axis, said i-th lens having a displacement ti orthogonal to said axis, with said axis located such that ∑ i = 1 N t i = 0 ;
- wherein each of said unit lenses comprises lithium, and has a refractive index decrement δ<1 at a wavelength λ<50 Angstroms;
- wherein said displacements ti are distributed such that there is a standard deviation σt of said displacements ti about said axis;
- and
- wherein each of said unit lenses is a Fresnel refractive lens having a zone radii rm, rm−1, rm−2, . . . , ro such that σt is less than the smallest zone (rm-rm−1).
A compound refractive lens according to any one of claims 18, 19, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 21, or 22, wherein the unit lithium lenses are contained in a chemically inert environment.
A compound refractive lens for x-rays, comprising:
- a plurality of individual unit lenses comprising a total of N in number, said unit lenses hereinafter designated individually with numbers i=1 through N, said unit lenses substantially aligned along an axis, said i-th lens having a displacement ti orthogonal to said axis, with said axis located such that ∑ i = 1 N t i = 0 ;
- wherein each of said unit lenses is made of lithium and has a refractive index decrement δ<1 at a wavelength λ<50 Angstroms;
- and
- wherein the unit lithium lenses are held and aligned by a plurality of alignment pins.
A compound refractive lens for x-rays, comprising:
- a plurality of individual unit lenses comprising a total of N in number, said unit lenses hereinafter designated individually with numbers i=1 through N, said unit lenses substantially aligned along an axis, said i-th lens having a displacement ti orthogonal to said axis, with said axis located such that ∑ i = 1 N t i = 0 ;
- wherein each of said unit lenses is made of lithium and has a refractive index decrement δ<1 at a wavelength λ<50 Angstroms;
- and
- wherein the unit lithium lenses are held together by an adhesive.
A compound refractive lens for x-rays, comprising:
- a plurality of individual unit lenses comprising a total of N in number, said unit lenses hereinafter designated individually with numbers i=1 through N, said unit lenses substantially aligned along an axis, said i-th lens having a displacement ti orthogonal to said axis, with said axis located such that ∑ i = 1 N t i = 0 ;
- wherein each of said unit lenses is made of lithium and has a refractive index decrement δ<1 at a wavelength λ<50 Angstroms;
- and
- wherein the unit lithium lenses held together using metal bonding method.
A compound refractive lens for x-rays, comprising:
- a plurality of individual unit lenses comprising a total of N in number, said unit lenses hereinafter designated individually with numbers i=1 through N, said unit lenses substantially aligned along an axis, said i-th lens having a displacement ti orthogonal to said axis, with said axis located such that ∑ i = 1 N t i = 0 ;
- wherein each of said unit lenses is made of lithium and has a refractive index decrement δ<1 at a wavelength λ<50 Angstroms;
- and
- wherein the unit lithium lenses are held together by a fastener.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.