Method of constraining by dynamic production data a fine model representative of the distribution in the reservoir of a physical quantity characteristic of the subsoil structure

A method for direct updating, by dynamic data, a fine geological model discretized by a fine grid pattern representative of a distribution, in an underground reservoir, of a physical quantity characteristic of subsoil structure comprising:

• processing the fine geological model by a parameterization factor in order to obtain a parameterized geological model including a distribution of a physical quantity in the fine geological model;
• upscaling the parameterized geological model so as to determine a distribution of the physical quantity in a simulation model discretized by a coarser grid pattern which is less detailed than the fine geological pattern;
• solving by use of the simulation model, fluid flow equations to obtain simulated dynamic data;
• and
• determining analytical relations connecting variations of the simulated dynamic data and corresponding variations of the parameterization factor thereby forming updated geological model corresponding to the parameterization factor and matching dynamic data.