Methods and devices for remediation and fermentation

A method of immobilizing a biocatalyst comprising:

• containing a biocatalyst in a chamber affected by a gravitational force;
• rotating a chamber about a substantially horizontal rotational axis to create a centrifugal force field;
• pumping a liquid medium to the chamber, wherein liquid medium creates a continuous flow of liquid, but the liquid medium does not include a gaseous phase;
• wherein the continuous flow of liquid creates a force;
• and
• regulating a hydraulic pressure of the chamber at a pressure greater than ambient barometric pressure, so that a resultant vector summation of all forces including the centrifugal force field, the liquid flow force and the gravitational force, acts on the biocatalyst such that the effect of the gravitational force on the biocatalyst is negated and reduced to a periodic vibration, and the biocatalyst being substantially immobilized at a position in the chamber by the resultant vector summation of all forces.