Emulsified water-blended fuel compositions

An emulsified water-blended diesel fuel composition comprising:

• (A) about 50% to about 99% by weight of a hydrocarbon boiling in the diesel range;
• (B) about 1 % to about 50% by weight of water;
• (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least two fuel-soluble salt emulsifiers:
• one of said fuel-soluble salt emulsifiers being derived from a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride and ammonia or an amine, the hydrocarbyl substituent of said one fuel-soluble salt emulsifier having about 8 to about 25 carbon atoms;
• another of said fuel-soluble salt emulsifiers being derived from a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride and ammonia or an amine, the hydrocarbyl substituent of said another fuel-soluble salt emulsifier having about 50 to about 400 carbon atoms, the hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acid or anhydride of said another fuel-soluble salt emulsifier being characterized by the presence within its structure of at least 1.3 succinic groups for each equivalent weight of the hydrocarbyl substituent;
• and
• (D) a minor emulsion stabilizing and combustion modifying amount in the range of about 0.001 to about 15% by the weight of said water-blended fuel composition of a water-soluble amine salt represented by the formula
• k[G(NR3)y]y+nXp− (D-I)
• wherein in formula (D-I), G is hydrogen, or an organic neutral radical of 1 to about 8 carbon atoms having a valence of y;
• each R independently is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to about 10 carbon atoms;
• Xp− is an anion having a valence of p;
• and k, y, n, and p are independently at least 1, provided that when G is H, y is 1;
• further provided that either G or at least one R is hydrogen;
• and further provided that the sum of the positive charge ky+ is equal to the sum of the negative charge np− such that the amine salt is electrically neutral.

A water-blended diesel fuel composition comprising:

• (a) about 60 to about 95% by weight of diesel fuel;
• (b) about 10 to about 40% by weight of water;
• (c) about 0.1 to about 2% by weight of at least one salt made by reacting at least one acylating agent with ammonia and/or at least one amine;
• said acylating agent made by coupling together (i) at least one polyisobutene substituted succinic acid or anhydride, the polyisobutene substituent of said succinic acid or anhydride having about 50 to 200 carbon atoms and (ii) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbyl substituent of said succinic acid or anhydride having about 8 to about 25 carbon atoms, by (iii) at least one coupling agent having (a) two or more primary amino groups, (b) two or more secondary amino groups, (c) at least one primary amino group and at least one secondary amino group, (d) at least two hydroxyl groups or (e) at least one primary or secondary amino group and at least one hydroxyl group;
• (d) about 0.001 to about 1% by weight of ammonium nitrate;
• and
• (e) about 0.01 to about 1% by weight of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate.

An emulsified water-blended diesel fuel composition comprising:

• (A) about 50% to about 99% by weight of diesel fuel;
• (B) about 1% to about 50% by weight of water;
• (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least two fuel-soluble salt emulsifiers:
• one of said fuel-soluble salt emulsifiers being derived from a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride and ammonia or an amine, the hydrocarbyl substituent of said one fuel-soluble salt emulsifier having about 8 to about 25 carbon atoms;
• another of said fuel-soluble salt emulsifiers being derived from a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride and ammonia or an amine, the hydrocarbyl substituent of said another fuel-soluble salt emulsifier having about 50 to about 400 carbon atoms, the hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acid or anhydride of said another fuel-soluble salt emulsifier being characterized by the presence within its structure of at least 1.3 succinic groups for each equivalent weight of the hydrocarbyl substituent;
• and
• (D) a minor emulsion stabilizing and combustion modifying amount in the range of about 0.001 to about 15% by weight of ammonium nitrate, methyl ammonium nitrate, urea nitrate or urea dinitrate.

An emulsified water-blended diesel fuel composition comprising:

• (A) about 50% to about 99% by weight of diesel fuel;
• (B) about 1 % to about 50% by weight of water;
• (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least two fuel-soluble salt emulsifiers:
• one of said fuel-soluble salt emulsifiers being derived from hexadecenyl succinic acid or anhydride and dimethylethanol amine;
• another of said fuel-soluble salt emulsifiers being derived from a polyisobutene-substituted succinic acid or anhydride and dimethylethanol amine, said polyisobutene substituent having about 50 to about 400 carbon atoms, the polyisobutene substituted succinic acid or anhydride being characterized by the presence within its structure of at least 1.3 succinic groups for each equivalent weight of the polyisobutene substituent;
• and
• (D) a minor emulsion stabilizing and combustion modifying amount in the range of about 0.001 to about 15% by weight of ammonium nitrate, methyl ammonium nitrate, urea nitrate or urea dinitrate.

An emulsified water-blended fuel composition comprising:

• (A) about 50% to about 99% by weight of a hydrocarbon boiling in the gasoline or diesel range;
• (B) about 1% to about 50% by weight of water;
• (C) a minor emulsifying amount of a fuel-soluble salt emulsifier comprising:
• a first salt moiety derived from a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride and ammonia or an amine, the hydrocarbyl substituent of said first salt moiety having about 8 to about 25 carbon atoms;
• a second salt moiety derived from a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride and ammonia or an amine, the hydrocarbyl substituent of said second salt moiety having about 50 to about 400 carbon atoms;
• said first salt moiety and said second salt moiety being coupled together by at least one coupling agent having (i) two or more primary amino groups, (ii) two or more secondary amino groups, (iii) at least one primary amino group and at least one secondary amino group, (iv) at least two hydroxyl groups or (v) at least one primary or secondary amino group and at least one hydroxyl group;
• and
• (D) about 0.001 to about 15% by the weight of said water-blended fuel composition of an emulsion stabilizing salt represented by the formula
• k[G(NR3)y]y+nXp− (D-I)
• wherein in formula (D-I), G is hydrogen, or an organic neutral radical of 1 to about 8 carbon atoms having a valence of y;
• each R independently is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to about 10 carbon atoms;
• Xp− is an anion having a valence of p;
• and k, y, n, and p are independently at least 1, provided that when G is H, y is 1;
• further provided that either G or at least one R is hydrogen:
• and further provided that the sum of the positive charge ky+ is equal to the sum of the negative charge np− such that the amine salt is electrically neutral.

An emulsified water-blended fuel composition comprising:

• (A) a hydrocarbon boiling in the gasoline or diesel range;
• (B) water;
• (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one fuel-soluble salt made by reacting at least one acylating agent having about 16 to about 500 carbon atoms with ammonia and/or at least one amine;
• and
• (D) about 0.001 to about 15% by the weight of said water-blended fuel composition of a salt represented by the formula
• k[G(NR3)y]y+nXp− (D-I)
• wherein in formula (D-I), G is hydrogen, or an organic neutral radical of 1 to about 8 carbon atoms having a valence of y;
• each R independently is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to about 10 carbon atoms;
• Xp− is an acetate ion;
• and k, y, n, and p are independently at least 1, provided that when G is H, y is 1;
• and further provided that the sum of the positive charge ky+ is equal to the sum of the negative charge np- such that the amine salt is electrically neutral.

An emulsified water-blended fuel composition comprising:

• (A) about 50% to about 99% by weight of a hydrocarbon boiling in the gasoline or diesel range:
• (B) about 1% to about 50% by weight of water;
• (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one fuel-soluble salt made by reacting (C)(I) at least one acylating agent having about 16 to about 500 carbon atoms with (C)(II) ammonia and/or at least one amine, the acylating agent containing hydrocarbyl substituent groups and succinic groups and being characterized by the presence within its structure of at least 1.3 succinic groups for each equivalent weight of the hydrocarbyl substituent;
• and
• (D) a minor emulsion stabilizing and combustion modifying amount in the range of about 0.001 to about 15% by the weight of said water-blended fuel composition of a water-soluble amine salt represented by the formula
• k[G(NR3)y]y+nXp− (D-I)
• wherein in formula (D-I), G is hydrogen, or an organic neutral radical of 1 to about 8 carbon atoms having a valence of y;
• each R independently is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to about 10 carbon atoms;
• Xp− is an anion having a valence of p;
• and k, y, n, and p are independently at least 1, provided that when G is H, y is 1;
• further provided that either G or at least one R is hydrogen;
• and further provided that the sum of the positive charge ky+ is equal to the sum of the negative charge np− such that the amine salt (D) is electrically neutral.