Image carrier and writing electrodes, method for manufacturing the same, and image forming apparatus using the same

An image forming apparatus which forms an electrostatic latent image on an image carrier by using a writing device comprising a plurality of writing electrodes which are arranged in contact with said image carrier along a direction parallel to the axial direction of said image carrier, wherein

• said image carrier comprises a dielectric layer formed on a conductive substrate and a charge injection layer formed on said dielectric layer, and is set to satisfy
• d12<unit area of electrode
• wherein d1 is the thickness of said charge injection layer.

An image forming apparatus which forms an electrostatic latent image on an image carrier by using a writing device comprising a plurality of writing electrodes which are arranged in contact with said image carrier along a direction parallel to the axial direction of said image carrier, wherein

• said image carrier comprises a dielectric layer formed on a conductive substrate and a charge injection layer formed on said dielectric layer, and is set to satisfy the following relation:
• d12<ρs/ρv
• wherein d1 is the thickness of said charge injection layer, ρv is the volume resistivity in the depth direction of said charge injection layer, and ρs is the volume resistivity in the surface direction of said charge injection layer.

An image forming apparatus which forms an electrostatic latent image on an image carrier by using a writing device comprising a plurality of writing electrodes which are arranged in contact with said image carrier along a direction parallel to the axial direction of said image carrier, wherein

• said image carrier comprises a dielectric layer formed on a conductive substrate and a charge injection layer formed on said dielectric layer, and is set to satisfy the following relation in case of reproducing gradation by using a stripe gray-reproducing pattern:
• (d2/(ρd1∈))(1−4d12/l12)>|Von−Voff|/(|V|Δt)
• wherein V is voltage applied to the electrodes, Von is injected potential, Voff is potential between lines, d1 is thickness of said charge injection layer, d2 is the thickness of said dielectric layer, ρ is the volume resistivity of said charge injection layer, ∈ is the dielectric constant of said dielectric layer, and Δt is the writing time.

An image forming apparatus which forms an electrostatic latent image on an image carrier by using a writing device comprising a plurality of writing electrodes which are arranged in contact with said image carrier along a direction parallel to the axial direction of said image carrier, wherein

• said image carrier comprises a dielectric layer formed on a conductive substrate and a charge injection layer formed on said dielectric layer, and is set to satisfy the following relation in case of reproducing gradation by using a dot gray-reproducing pattern:
• d2/(∈ρd1)×(1−2 d12/(l12(1+2 r0/l1)1n(1+l1/r0)))>|Von−Voff|/(|V|Δt)
• wherein V is voltage applied to the electrodes, Von is injected potential, Voff is potential between dots, d1 is thickness of said charge injection layer, d2 is the thickness of said dielectric layer, ρ is the volume resistivity of said charge injection layer, ∈ is the dielectric constant of said dielectric layer, Δt is the writing time, and 11 is the distance between dots.

An image forming apparatus which forms an electrostatic latent image on an image carrier by using a writing device comprising a plurality of writing electrodes which are arranged in contact with said image carrier along a direction parallel to the axial direction of said image carrier, wherein

• said image carrier comprises a dielectric layer formed on a conductive substrate and a charge injection layer formed on said dielectric layer, and said charge injection layer is made of a binder and conductive aggregate dispersed in the binder, wherein said each conductive aggregate is set to be smaller than the distance between electrodes and the distance between conductive aggregates is set to be smaller than the width of each electrode.