Toner processes

A substantially surfactant free process for the preparation of toner comprising admixing an emulsion latex comprised of sodio sulfonated polyester resin particles of about 30 to about 80 nanometers in size by heating said resin in water at a temperature of from about 15° C. to about 30° C. above the resin glass transition temperature;

• with a colorant dispersion containing from about 20 to about 50 percent of predispersed colorant in water, with a mean colorant size of from about 50 to about 150 nanometers, a polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion containing from about 30 to about 50 percent of solids comprising tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride in an amount of from about 30 to about 70 weight percent of tetrafluoroethylene, about 10 to about 30 weight percent of hexafluoropropylene, and about 10 to about 50 weight percent of vinylidene fluoride in water and with a mean particle size of about 50 to about 120 nanometers, followed by the addition of an organo metallic complexing agent;
• heating the resulting mixture at a temperature of from about 35° C. to about 65° C. thereby causing aggregation and coalescence of the latex resin, the colorant and the polytetrafluoroethylene;
• and
• (v) cooling the mixture followed by isolating said toner.