Lighting circuit, lighting system method and apparatus, socket assembly, lamp insulator assembly and components thereof

A lamp and end cover combination, the combination comprising:

• a lamp for producing light and having a lamp base and a first surface coupled to the base;
• a lamp contact extending longitudinally a length from the lamp base for receiving electrical energy and providing electrical energy to the lamp;
• a contact sleeve extending away from the lamp base for encircling the lamp contact on the lamp and extending longitudinally a distance at least 25% of the longitudinal length of the contact and wherein at least part of the contact sleeve is dimensioned so as to allow a mating contact for the lamp contact to be inserted within the contact sleeve and removed without damaging the contact sleeve;
• and
• a lamp sleeve integral with the contact sleeve and extending over part of the lamp.

A lighting system comprising:

• a lamp including a base and a lamp contact extending in a first direction from the base and a lamp wall extending in a second direction from the base for allowing light to pass through the lamp wall;
• a lamp adapter including a housing for receiving the base and the lamp contact, and further including a contact protector extending from the housing for enclosing at least part of the lamp contact and positioned relative to the lamp contact so as to permit access to the lamp contact;
• and
• a removable connector removably contacting the lamp contact within the contact protector.