Organic electroluminescent device and method of manufacture thereof

An organic electroluminescent device, comprising:

• a) an anode layer;
• b) an organic light-emitting layer;
• and
• c) a cathode layer;
• the anode layer, or the anode layer and the cathode layer, comprising an oxide of Nb and at least one compound selected from the following group A,
• group A consisting of chalcogenides and nitrides of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Ga, In, Zn, Cd, Mg, Al, Ba, K, Li, Na, Ca, Sr, Cs, and Rb.

An organic electroluminescent device, comprising:

• a) an anode layer;
• b) an organic light-emitting layer;
• c) a cathode layer;
• and
• either or both of a first inorganic thin layer formed between the anode layer and the organic light-emitting layer, and a second inorganic thin layer formed between the cathode layer and the organic light-emitting layer;
• the first and second inorganic thin layers comprising at least one inorganic compound other than In oxides, Sn oxides, Zn oxides, Ni oxides, Ti oxides, Zr oxides, Nb oxides, Ta oxides and Sr oxides;
• an intermediate level of the first inorganic thin layer being smaller than an ionization potential of the organic light-emitting layer, and greater than the work function of the anode;
• and
• an intermediate level of the second inorganic thin layer being greater than an electron affinity of the organic light-emitting layer, and smaller than a work function of the cathode.