Process for electrodepositing zinc oxide film

A process for electrodepositing a zinc oxide film, comprising:

• a first step of immersing a substrate and an opposing electrode in an electrodeposition bath which contains zinc nitrate and is kept heated, and forming a zinc oxide film on the substrate by flowing a current between the substrate and the opposing electrode;
• a second step of trapping particles of zinc oxide precipitated in the electrodeposition bath by circulating or stirring the bath;
• a third step of increasing the temperature of the electrodepostion bath after starting the step of trapping the particles of zinc oxide;
• and
• a fourth step of immersing the same substrate or another substrate and the opposing electrode in the electrodeposition bath which contains zinc nitrate and is kept heated, and forming a zinc oxide film on the same or another substrate by passing a current between the same or another substrate and the opposing electrode.

A process for electrodepositing a zinc oxide film, comprising:

• a first step of immersing a substrate and an opposing electrode in an electrodeposition bath which contains zinc nitrate and is kept heated, and forming a zinc oxide film on the substrate by flowing a current between the substrate and the opposing electrode;
• a second step of stopping passing the current to stop formation of the zinc oxide film and decreasing a temperature of the electrodeposition bath;
• a third step of trapping particles of zinc oxide precipitated in the bath by circulating or stirring the electrodeposition bath;
• a fourth step of heating the electrodeposition bath after starting the third step;
• and
• a fifth step of immersing the same substrate or another substrate and the opposing electrode in the electrodeposition bath which contains zinc nitrate and is kept heated, and forming a zinc oxide film on the same or another substrate by passing a current between the same or another substrate and the opposing electrode.