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US 6,606,856 B1Granted
Process for reducing pollutants from the exhaust of a diesel engine
AssigneeThe Lubrizol Corporation
InventorsKevin Francis Brown, Deborah Ann Langer, David Duncan
Life of this patent
Estimating the term…
Abstract
This invention relates to a process for reducing the level of pollutants in the exhaust of a diesel engine, comprising: operating said diesel engine using as the fuel a water-diesel fuel emulsion; and contacting the exhaust gas from said diesel engine with an oxidation catalyst.
Claims23
A process for reducing the level of pollutants in the exhaust of a diesel engine, comprising:
- operating said diesel engine using as the fuel a water diesel fuel emulsion;
- the water-diesel fuel emulsion comprising water, diesel fuel and an emulsifier, the emulsifier comprising:
- (i) at least one fuel-soluble product made by reacting at least one hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acid acylating agent with ammonia or an amine, the hydrocarbyl substituent of said acylating agent having about 50 to about 500 carbon atoms;
- (ii) an ionic or a nonionic compound having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of about 1 to about 10;
- or a mixture of (i) and (ii);
- in combination with (iii) an emulsion stabilizing amount of a water-soluble compound selected from the group consisting of amine salts, ammonium salts, azide compounds, nitro compounds, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, and mixtures of two or more thereof;
- and
- contacting the exhaust from said diesel engine with an oxidation catalyst, the oxidation catalyst being in the form of a flow-through cellular monolith.
5 more elements
A process for reducing the level of pollutants in the exhaust of a diesel engine, comprising:
- operating said diesel engine using as the fuel a water-diesel fuel emulsion, the water-diesel fuel emulsion comprising water, diesel fuel and an emulsifier, the emulsifier comprising:
- (i)(a) a first fuel-soluble product made by reacting a first hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acid acylating agent with ammonia or an amine, the hydrocarbyl substituent of said first acylating agent having about 50 to about 500 carbon atoms;
- and
- (i)(b) a second fuel-soluble product made by reacting a second hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acid acylating agent with ammonia or an amine, the hydrocarbyl substituent of said second acylating agent having about 50 to about 500 carbon atoms, component (i)(a) being different than component (i)(b);
- or
- (ii) an ionic or a nonionic compound having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of about 1 to about 10;
- or
- a mixture of (i)(a), (i)(b) and (ii);
- in combination with (iii) an emulsion stabilizing amount of a water-soluble compound selected from the group consisting of amine salts, ammonium salts, azide compounds, nitro compounds, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, and mixtures of two or more thereof;
- and
- contacting the exhaust from said diesel engine with an oxidation catalyst.
8 more elements
A process for reducing the level of pollutants in the exhaust of a diesel engine, comprising:
- operating said diesel engine using as the fuel a water-diesel fuel emulsion, the water-diesel fuel emulsion comprising water, diesel fuel and an emulsifier, the emulsifier comprising
- (i) a fuel-soluble product comprising:
- a first hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acid acylating agent, the hydrocarbyl substituent of said first acylating agent having about 50 to about 500 carbon atoms;
- and
- a second hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acid acylating agent, the hydrocarbyl substituent of said second acylating agent having about 50 to about 500 carbon atoms, said first acylating agent and said second acylating agent being the same or different;
- said first acylating agent and said second acylating agent being coupled together by a linking group derived from a compound having two or more primary amino groups, two or more secondary amino groups, at least one primary amino group and at least one secondary amino group, at least two hydroxyl groups, or at least one primary or secondary amino group and at least one hydroxyl group;
- said coupled acylating agents being reacted with ammonia or an amine;
- or
- (ii) an ionic or a nonionic compound having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of about 1 to about 10;
- or a mixture of (i) and (ii);
- in combination with (iii) an emulsion stabilizing amount of a water-soluble compound selected from the group consisting of amine salts, ammonium salts, azide compounds, nitro compounds, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, and mixtures of two or more thereof;
- and
- contacting the exhaust from said diesel engine with an oxidation catalyst.
10 more elements
A process for reducing the level of pollutants in the exhaust of a diesel engine, comprising:
- operating said diesel engine using as the fuel a water-diesel fuel emulsion, said water-diesel fuel emulsion comprising water, diesel fuel and an emulsifier, said emulsifier comprising:
- (i) at least one fuel-soluble product made by reacting at least one hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acid acylating agent with ammonia or an amine, the hydrocarbyl substituent of said acylating agent having about 50 to about 500 carbon atoms;
- (ii) an ionic or a nonionic compound having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of about 1 to about 10;
- or a mixture of (i) and (ii);
- in combination with (iii) an emulsion stabilizing amount of a water-soluble compound selected from the group consisting of amine salts, ammonium salts, azide compounds, nitro compounds, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, and mixtures of two or more thereof;
- and
- contacting the exhaust gas from said diesel engine with an oxidation catalyst, said oxidation catalyst comprising flow-through passages of ceramic or metal coated with a washcoat comprised of zeolite, Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, CeO2, ZrO2, V2O5, La2O3, or mixtures of two or more thereof, said washcoat supporting a catalyst selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Ce, Ga, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
4 more elements
A process for reducing the level of pollutants in the exhaust of a diesel engine comprising:
- operating said diesel engine using as the fuel a water-diesel fuel emulsion, said water-diesel fuel emulsion comprising water, diesel fuel and an emulsifier, said emulsifier comprising:
- at least one fuel-soluble product made by reacting at least one polyisobutene substituted succinic acid or anhydride with ammonia or an amine wherein the polyisobutene group has a number average molecular weight in the range of about 700 to about 3000;
- a product made by reacting an alkyl substituted succinic acid or anhydride with an alkanol amine wherein the alkyl group has from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms;
- and an emulsion stabilizing amount of ammonium nitrate;
- and
- contacting the exhaust gas from said diesel engine with an oxidation catalyst, said oxidation catalyst comprising flow-through passages of ceramic or metal coated with a washcoat comprised of zeolite, Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, CeO2, ZrO2, V2O5, La2O3, or mixtures of two or more thereof, said washcoat supporting a catalyst selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
3 more elements
A process for reducing the level of pollutants in the exhaust of a diesel engine comprising:
- operating said diesel engine using as the fuel a water-diesel fuel emulsion, said water-diesel fuel emulsion comprising water, diesel fuel and an emulsifier, said emulsifier comprising:
- an ester/salt derived from a polyisobutene substituted succinic anhydride and an alkanol amine wherein the polyisobutene group has a number average molecular weight in the range of about 700 to about 3000;
- a product made by reacting an alkyl substituted succinic acid or anhydride with an alkanol amine wherein the alkyl group has from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms;
- and an emulsion stabilizing amount of ammonium nitrate;
- and
- contacting the exhaust gas from said diesel engine with an oxidation catalyst, said oxidation catalyst comprising flow-through passages of ceramic or metal coated with a washcoat comprised of zeolite, Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, CeO2, ZrO2, V2O5, La2O3, or mixtures of two or more thereof, said washcoat supporting a catalyst selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
3 more elements
A process for reducing the level of pollutants in the exhaust of a diesel engine comprising:
- operating said diesel engine using as the fuel a water-diesel fuel emulsion, said water-diesel fuel emulsion comprising water, diesel fuel and an emulsifier, said emulsifier comprising:
- an ester/salt derived from a polyisobutene substituted succinic anhydride and an alkanol amine wherein the polyisobutene group has a number average molecular weight in the range of about 1500 to about 3000;
- a succinimide derived from a polyisobutene substituted succinic anhydride and an alkylene polyamine wherein the polyisobutene group has a number average molecular weight of about 700 to about 1300;
- a product made by reacting an alkyl substituted succinic acid or anhydride with an alkanol amine wherein the alkyl group has from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms;
- and an emulsion stabilizing amount of ammonium nitrate;
- and
- contacting the exhaust gas from said diesel engine with an oxidation catalyst, said oxidation catalyst comprising flow-through passages of ceramic or metal coated with a washcoat comprised of zeolite, Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, CeO2, ZrO2, V2O5, La2O3, or mixtures of two or more thereof, said washcoat supporting a catalyst selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
4 more elements
A process for reducing the level of pollutants in the exhaust of a diesel engine, comprising:
- operating said diesel engine using as the fuel a water-diesel fuel emulsion, the water-diesel fuel emulsion comprising water, diesel fuel and an emulsifier comprising (i) at least one fuel-soluble product made by reacting at least one polyisobutene substituted succinic acid or anhydride with ammonia or an amine wherein the polyisobutene group has a number average molecular weight in the range of about 700 to about 3000;
- (ii) the product made by reacting an alkyl substituted succinic acid or anhydride with an alkanol amine wherein the alkyl group has from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms;
- and (iii) ammonium nitrate;
- and
- contacting the exhaust from said diesel engine with an oxidation catalyst.
2 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.