Scintillator compositions of alkali and rare-earth tungstates
AssigneeGeneral Electric Company
InventorsRobert Joseph Lyons, Sergio Martins Loureiro, James Scott Vartuli, Venkat Subraman Venkataramani
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Abstract
Scintillator compositions useful for the detection of high-energy radiation, such as X, β, or γ radiation, contain alkali and rare earth pyrotungstates. In particular, the pyrotungstate is a double tungstate containing an oxide of an alkali metal selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb, and Cs and an oxide of a rare-earth element selected from the group consisting of Y, Gd, La, and Lu. The scintillators are characterized by high light output, reduced afterglow, short decay time, and high X-ray stopping power.
Claims29
A scintillator composition consisting of a tungstate having a formula of AD(WO4)n, wherein A is at least one element selected from group consisting of Na, K, Rb, and Cs;
- D is a single element selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Gd, and Lu;
- and n is greater than or equal to 2;
- and wherein said scintillator composition is doped with Ca2+ion in an amount from about 2 to about 500 mole per million.
A scintillator composition comprising a tungstate having a formula of AD((WO4)n, wherein A is at least one element selected from group consisting of Na, K, Rb, and Cs;
- D is at least one rare-earth element selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu;
- and n is greater than or equal to 2;
- and wherein the scintillator composition is further doped with Ca2+ion in an amount from about 2 to about 500 mole parts per million.
A scintillator composition comprising a tungstate having a formula of CsY(WO4)2.
A scintillator composition comprising a tungstate having a formula of AD((WO4)n, wherein A is at least one element selected from group consisting of Rb and Cs;
- D is at least an element selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Gd, and Lu;
- and n is greater than or equal to 2, wherein said scintillator composition is doped with an ion selected from the group consisting of ions of Ca, Dy, Ce, Pr, and Tb, and wherein said ion is present in an amount from about 2 to about 500 mole parts per million.
A scintillator composition comprising a tungstate having a formula of CsY1-xGdx(WO4)2 wherein 0≦x≦1, said scintillator composition being doped with Ca2+ ion in an amount in a range from about 2 to about 500 mole parts per million.
A scintillator composition comprising of a tungstate having a formula of CsLa1-yLuy(WO4)2 wherein 0 ≦y≦1;
- said scintillator composition being doped with ions selected from the group consisting of ions of Dy, Ce, Pr, and Tb;
- said ions being present in an amount in a range from about 2 to about 500 mole parts per million.
A scintillator composition comprising of a tungstate having a formula of CsLa1-yLuy(WO4)2 wherein 0≦y≦1;
- said scintillator composition being doped with Ca2+ ions;
- said Ca2+ ions being present in an amount in a range from about 2 to about 500 mole parts per million.
A method for producing an alkali- and rare earth-containing scintillator composition, said method comprises the steps of:
- (1) providing amounts of:
- (a) oxygen-containing compounds of at least one alkali metal selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb, and Cs,
- (b) oxygen-containing compounds of at least one rare-earth element selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu, and
- (c) at least one oxygen-containing compound of tungsten;
- (2) mixing together the compounds to form a mixture;
- (3) mixing at least one halide of an element selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb, Cs, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu in said mixture in a quantity sufficient to act as flux during a firing;
- said halide being present in a range from about 0.001 to about 2 mole percent;
- and
- (4) firing the mixture under an oxygen-containing atmosphere at a temperature and for a time sufficient to convert the mixture to a solid alkali- and rare earth-containing tungstate;
- wherein said amounts of oxygen-containing compounds are chosen to obtain the final desired composition of said alkali- and rare earth-containing tungstate.
A method for producing an alkali- and rare earth-containing scintillator composition, said method comprises the steps of:
- (1) preparing a first solution from amounts of:
- (a) compounds of at least one alkali metal selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb, and Cs,
- (b) compounds of at least one rare-earth element selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu, and
- (c) at least one compound of tungsten;
- (2) providing a second solution selected from the group consisting of hydroxides of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb, and Cs and alkyl esters of a dicarboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, and glutaric acid;
- (3) mixing together said first solution and said second solution to form a precipitate mixture of oxygen-containing compounds of at least one alkali metal, at least one rare-earth metal, and tungsten;
- (4) separating said precipitate mixture from a supernatant liquid;
- (5) drying said separated precipitate mixture;
- and
- (6) firing said dried precipitate mixture at a temperature for a time sufficient to convert said dried precipitate mixture to an alkali- and rare earth-containing tungstate scintillator;
- wherein said amounts of compounds are chosen to obtain the final desired composition of said alkali- and rare earth-containing tungstate.
A detector element of an X-ray CT scanner comprising a scintillator composition, which consists of a tungstate having a formula of AD(WO4)n, wherein A is at least one element selected from group consisting of Na, K, Rb, and Cs;
- D is a single element selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Gd, and Lu;
- and n is greater than or equal to 2.
A detector element of an X-ray CT scanner comprising a scintillator composition, which consists of a tungstate having a formula of AD((WO4)2, wherein A is at least one element selected from group consisting of Na, K, Rb, and Cs;
- D is a single element selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Gd, and Lu;
- and n is greater than or equal to 2.
A detector element of an X-ray CT scanner comprising a scintillator composition, which comprises a tungstate having a formula of CsY1-xGdx(WO4)2 wherein 0≦x≦1.
A detector element of an X-ray CT scanner comprising a scintillator composition, which comprises a tungstate having a formula of CsLa1-yLuy(WO4)2 wherein 0≦y≦1.
A scintillator composition comprising of a tungstate having a formula of AD((WO4)n, wherein A is at least one element selected from group consisting of Rb and Cs;
- D is at least one rare-earth element selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Gd, and Lu;
- and n is greater than or equal to 2;
- and wherein the scintillator composition further comprises an element selected from the group consisting of praseodymium, terbium, cerium, and dysprosium;
- said element selected from the group consisting of praseodymium, terbium, cerium, and dysprosium being present in an amount from about 2 to about 500 mole percent.
A scintillator composition comprising of a tungstate having a formula of CsGd(WO4)2, said scintillator composition being doped with cerium in an amount from about 2 to about 500 mole parts per million.
A scintillator composition comprising a tungstate having a formula of CsY0.25Gd0.75(WO4)2.
A scintillator composition comprising a tungstate having a formula of CsY0.5Gd0.5(WO4)2.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.