Ionically conductive material comprising an ionic compound in solution in a solvent, wherein the ionic compound is derived from malononitrile and comprises an anionic part and sufficient cationic parts Mm+ to provide electronic neutrality to the ionic compound, characterized in that M is an hydroxonium, a nitrosonium NO+, an ammonium —NH4+, a metallic cation having a valency m, an onium cation having a valency m or an organometallic cation having a valency m, and that the anionic part corresponds to one of the formula RD—Y—C(C≡N)2− or Z—C(C≡N)2 in which:
- A) Z represents an electroattractor radical having a Hammett parameter at least equal to that of a phenyl radical, selected from:
- i) —CN, —NO2, —SCN, —N3, FSO2—, —CF3, R′FCH2—, fluoroalkyloxy, fluoroalkylthioxy, fluoroalkenyloxy, fluoroalkenylthioxy radicals, wherein R′F is a perfluorinated radical;
- ii) radicals comprising one or more aromatic nuclei optionally containing at least one nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur or phosphorus atom, said nuclei optionally being selected from condensed nuclei and nuclei optionally carrying at least one substituent selected from halogens, —CN, —NO2, —SCN, —N3, CF2═CF—O—, radicals, RF— and RFCH2— in which RF is a perfluoroalkyl alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, fluoroalkyloxy groups, fluoro-alkylthioxy groups, alkyl, alkenyl, oxa-alkyl, oxa-alkenyl, aza-alkyl, aza-alkenyl, thia-alkyl, and thia-alkenyl radicals, polymer radicals, radicals having at least one ionophorous group selected from cationic, anionic, and both;
- with the proviso that one substituent Z may be a monovalent radical, a multivalent radical, or part of a multivalent radical or a dendrimer carrying at least one —C(C≡N)2 group, or a polymer radical;
- B) Y represents a carbonyl group, a thiocarbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfinyl group or a phosphonyl group and:
- C) RD is a radical selected from
- a) Rv, wherein Rv is selected from alkyl or alkenyl radicals, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl or alkenylaryl radicals, alicyclic, heterocyclic, or polycyclic radicals;
- b) Rw, wherein Rw is selected from alkyl or alkenyl radicals comprising at least one functional ether, thioether, amine, imine, amide, carboxyl, carbonyl, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, hydroxy;
- c) Rx, wherein Rx is selected from aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, alkylaryl or alkenylaryl radicals, in which one or more of the aromatic nuclei and the substituents of the nucleus comprises a heteroatom;
- d) Ry, wherein Ry is selected from radicals comprising condensed aromatic cycles which optionally comprise at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur;
- e) Rz, wherein Rz is selected from halogenated or perhalogenated alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl radicals, said radicals optionally comprising fuctional ether, thioether, imine, amine, carboxyl, carbonyl or hydroxy groups;
- f) radicals RCC(R′)(R″)—O— in which RC is an alkyl perfluorinated radical and R′ and R″ are independently selected from an hydrogen atom or a radical selected from Rv, Rw, Rx, and Ry;
- g) radicals (RB)2N—, in which the radicals RB are independently selected from Rv, Rw, Rx, Ry, and Rz, one of the RB is a halogen atom, or the two radicals RB together form a divalent radical, wherein when the two radicals RB form a divalent radical, (RB)2N— is a cycle;
- h) polymer radicals,
- i) radicals having one or more ionophorous groups selected from cationic and anionic groups;
- with the proviso that one substituent RD may be a monovalent radical, part of a multivalent radical carrying a plurality of —Y—C−(C≡N)2 groups or a polymer radical;
- with the proviso that when Y is a carbonyl and RD is a perfluoroalkyl radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or when Z is —CN, M is different from an alkali metal.