Use of background electrolytes to minimize flux variability during iontophoresis
AssigneeAciont, Inc.
InventorsDavid J. Miller, Kevin Li, William I. Higuchi
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Abstract
A device and method are provided that minimize the changes in flux encountered during iontophoresis and reduce inter-subject variability. For drug delivery, the active agent to be delivered is administered in conjunction with at least one background ion having a hindrance factor that changes at a faster rate than the hindrance factor of the active agent when an electrical current is applied. For analyte extraction, the extraction reservoir contains at least one background ion having a hindrance factor that changes at a faster rate than the hindrance factor of the background ions of the analyte in the tissue when an electrical current is applied.
Claims89
An iontophoresis device that minimizes changes in active agent flux and reduces intertissue variability comprising:
- a) a first electrode assembly adapted to be placed in agent transmitting relation with a body tissue comprising
- (i) a pharmacologically active agent to be delivered;
- and
- (ii) at least one background co-ion having a hindrance factor that changes at a faster rate than the hindrance factor of the active agent when an electrical current is applied;
- b) a second electrode assembly adapted to be placed in ion transmitting relation with the body surface at a location spaced apart from the first electrode assembly;
- and
- c) an electrical current source, electrically connected to the first and second electrode assemblies.
In a method for delivering a pharmacologically active.agent across body. tissue using electrical current, the improvement comprising co-delivering with the active agent at least one background co-ion having a hindrance factor that changes at a faster rate than the hindrance factor of the active agent when an electrical current is applied, whereby changes in active agent flux are minimized and intertissue variability is reduced.
A method for delivering a pharmacologically active agent across body tissue, comprising:
- (a) placing in contact with the body tissue a composition comprising the pharmacologically active agent and at least one background co-ion having a hindrance factor that changes at a faster rate than the hindrance factor of the active agent when an electrical current is applied;
- and
- (b) applying an electrical current to the region of tissue, the current of a voltage and duration effective to induce electroporation of the body surface in said tissue.
An iontophoresis device that minimizes changes in permeant flux and reduces intertissue variability comprising:
- a) a first electrode assembly adapted to be placed in agent transmitting relation with a body tissue comprising
- (i) a reservoir for containing a substance extracted from the body;
- and
- (ii) at least one background ion having a hindrance factor that changes at a faster rate than the hindrance factor of the tissue background ions (the co-ion of the analyte) present in the body when an electrical current is applied;
- b) a second electrode assembly adapted to be placed in ion transmitting relation with the body surface at a location spaced apart from the first electrode assembly;
- and
- c) an electrical current source, electrically connected to the first and second electrode assemblies.
In a method for extracting a permeant across body tissue using electrical current, the improvement comprising transporting, at the same time and in a different direction of the analyte, at least one background ion having a hindrances factor that changes at a faster rate than the hindrance factor of the co-ion of the analyte in the body, whereby changes in permeant flux are minimized and intertissue variability is reduced.
A method for extracting an analyte permeant agent across body tissue, comprising:
- (a) placing in contact with the body tissue a composition comprising at least one background ion having a hindrance factor that changes at a faster rate than the hindrance factor of the co-ion of the analyte in the body when an electrical current is applied;
- and
- (b) applying an electrical current to the region of tissue, the current of a voltage and duration effective to induce electroporation of the body surface in said tissue.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.