Ionic compounds with delocalized anionic charge, and their use as ion conducting components or as catalysts

Process for preparing a compound corresponding to the formula

• in which:
• Mm+ is a proton or a metal cation having the valency m, chosen from ions of alkali metals, of alkaline-earth metals, of transition metals or of rare-earth metals, or an organic onium cation or an organometallic cation, 1≦m≦3;
• X1 and X2 represent, independently of each other, S═Z3, S═Z4, P—R3 or P—R4;
• Q represents N, CR5, CCN or CSO2R5;
• Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4, denoted below by Zi, represent, independently of each other, O, NC≡N, C(C≡N)2, NS(═Z)2R6 or C[S(═Z)2R6]2, Z having the same meaning as Zi, with the proviso that, in a segment —X1—Q—X2—, not more than 3 groups Zi represent O;
• R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 represent, independently of each other, Y, YO—, YS—, Y2N— or F;
• Y represents a monovalent organic radical chosen from alkyl, alkenyl, oxaalkyl, oxaalkenyl, azaalkyl, azaalkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl or perfluoroalkyl radicals, or from the radicals obtained from the abovementioned radicals by substitution, in the chains and/or the aromatic part, with hetero atoms chosen from halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus;
• with the proviso that if said heteroatom is sulfur or phosphorus, said sulfur or phosphorus atom can optionally be in the form of a —SO— group, a —SO2 group or a >PO— group, or alternatively Y is a repeating unit of a polymeric backbone,
• wherein the process comprises reacting a compound R1—X1(Z1)—QA2 with a compound L—X2(Z2)R2 in which:
• A is an alkali metal, a proton, an amino or phosphorus-containing base, a trialkylsilyl group, a dialkylstannyl group, LiH, Li, MgL1, ZnL1, CdL1, Cu, Mg, Zn, Cd, Hg or a trialkylsilyl, trialkylgermanyl or trialkylstannyl group,
• L and L1 are leaving groups chosen from halogens, pseudohalogens, imidazoyl, triazolyl or benzotriazole radicals.

Process for doping a polymer, comprising partially oxidizing said polymer in order to create carbocations whose charge is compensated by the anions of an ionic compound, wherein the ionic compound is a compound corresponding to the formula

• in which:
• Mm+ is a proton or a metal cation having the valency m, chosen from ions of alkali metals, of alkaline-earth metals, of transition metals or of rare-earth metals, or an organic onium cation or an organometallic cation, 1≦m≦3;
• X1 and X2 represent, independently of each other, S═Z3, S═Z4, P—R3 or P—R4;
• Q represents N, CR5, CCN or CSO2R5;
• Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4, denoted below by Zi, represent, independently of each other, O, NC≡N, C(C≡N)2, NS(═Z)2R6 or C[S(═Z)2R6]2, Z having the same meaning as Zi, with the proviso that, in a segment —X1—Q—X2—, not more than 3 groups Zi represent O;
• R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 represent, independently of each other, Y, YO—, YS—, Y2N— or F;
• Y represents a monovalent organic radical chosen from alkyl, alkenyl, oxaalkyl, oxaalkenyl, azaalkyl, azaalkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl or perfluoroalkyl radicals, or from the radicals obtained from the abovementioned radicals by substitution, in the chains and/or the aromatic part, with hetero atoms chosen from halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus;
• with the proviso that if said heteroatom is sulfur or phosphorus, said sulfur or phosphorus atom can optionally be in the form of a —SO— group, a —SO2 group or a >PO— group, or alternatively Y is a repeating unit of a polymeric backbone.

Process for polymerizing or crosslinking monomers or prepolymers capable of reacting cationically, comprising exposing a compound to actinic radiation to generate an acid for catalyzing the reaction, said compound corresponding to the formula

• in which:
• Mm+ is a proton or a metal cation having the valency m, chosen from ions of alkali metals, of alkaline-earth metals, of transition metals or of rare-earth metals, or an organic onium cation or an organometallic cation, 1≦m≦3;
• X1 and X2 represent, independently of each other, S═Z3, S═Z4, P—R3 or
• Q represents N, CR5, CCN or CSO2R5;
• Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4, denoted below by Zi, represent, independently of each other, O, NC≡N, C(C≡N)2, NS(═Z)2R6 or C[S(═Z)2R6]2, Z having the same meaning as Zi, with the proviso that, in a segment —X1—Q—X2—, not more than 3 groups Zi represent O;
• R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 represent, independently of each other, Y, YO—, YS—, Y2N— or F;
• Y represents a monovalent organic radical chosen from alkyl, alkenyl, oxaalkyl, oxaalkenyl, azaalkyl, azaalkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl or perfluoroalkyl radicals, or from the radicals obtained from the abovementioned radicals by substitution, in the chains and/or the aromatic part, with hetero atoms chosen from halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus;
• with the proviso that if said heteroatom is sulfur or phosphorus, said sulfur or phosphorus atom can optionally be in the form of a —SO— group, a —SO2 group or a >PO— group, or alternatively Y is a repeating unit of a polymeric backbone.

A catalyst for polymerization reactions, for condensation reactions, for addition or elimination reactions, for oxidation or reduction reactions, for solvolyses, for Friedel-Crafts reactions and for Diels-Alder reactions, wherein said catalyst comprises a compound corresponding to the formula

• in which:
• Mm+ is a proton or a metal cation having the valency m, chosen from ions of alkali metals, of alkaline-earth metals, of transition metals or of rare-earth metals, or an organic onium cation or an organometallic cation, 1≦m≦3;
• Q represents N, CR5, CCN or CSO2R5;
• X1 and X2 represent, independently of each other, S═Z3, S═Z4, P—R3 or
• Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4, denoted below by Z, represent, independently of each other, O, NC≡N, C(C≡N)2, NS(═Z)2R6 or C[S(═Z)2R6]2, Z having the same meaning as Zi, with the proviso that, in a segment —X1—Q—X2—, not more than 3 groups Zi represent O;
• R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 represent, independently of each other, Y, YO—, YS—, Y2N— or F;
• Y represents a monovalent organic radical chosen from alkyl, alkenyl, oxaalkyl, oxaalkenyl, azaalkyl, azaalkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl or perfluoroalkyl radicals, or from the radicals obtained from the abovementioned radicals by substitution, in the chains and/or the aromatic part, with hetero atoms chosen from halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus;
• with the proviso that if said heteroatom is sulfur or phosphorus, said sulfur or phosphorus atom can optionally be in the form of a —SO— group, a —SO2 group or a >PO— group, or alternatively Y is a repeating unit of a polymeric backbone.