Surface-bound, double-stranded DNA protein arrays

A synthetic array comprising:

• a solid support, and a plurality of double-stranded nucleic acid molecules, wherein each nucleic acid molecule comprises a first nucleic acid strand linked to the solid support and a second nucleic acid strand which is substantially complementary to the first nucleic acid strand and hybridized to the first nucleic acid strand, wherein the 5′ end of the first nucleic acid strand and the 3′ end of the second nucleic acid strand are covalently unbound to each other, wherein each nucleic acid molecule comprises a protein recognition site within a double stranded nucleic acid sequence, wherein a protein recognition site within a first nucleic acid molecule is different from a protein recognition site within a second nucleic acid molecule, and a protein is bound to at least one of the nucleic acid molecules,
• wherein each protein recognition site within a nucleic acid molecule is selected from the group that includes naturally-occurring protein recognition sites, synthetic variants of naturally-occurring protein recognition sites and randomized nucleic acid sequences,
• and wherein at least one protein recognition site within a nucleic acid molecule comprises first and second half-sites, wherein the first half-site is recognized by a different protein than is the second half-site.