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US 6,512,060 B1Granted
Atom or group transfer radical polymerization
AssigneeCarnegie Mellon University
InventorsKrzysztof Matyjaszewski, Scott G. Gaynor, Simion Coca
Life of this patent
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Abstract
A process for controlled coupling and chain extension, or atom transfer condensation polymerization, of molecules containing one or more radically transferable atoms or groups is provided, wherein transition metal compounds, optionally partially in the zero oxidation state, various ligands, counterions, and solvents are preferentially employed to preferentially give coupled and chain extended products that no longer contain a radically transferable atom or group.
Claims35
A process for coupling molecules, comprising:
- contacting at least one first molecule comprising one or more radically transferable atoms or groups, and at least one second molecule comprising one or more radically transferable atoms or groups with a system comprising:
- a transition metal, wherein said transition metal is at least partially present in an oxidation state that can participate in a redox reaction with the radically transferable atoms or groups;
- and
- one or more N-, O-, P-, or S-containing ligands which can coordinate in a σ-bond or a π-bond to the transition metal, or a C containing compound which can coordinate in a π-bond to the transition metal;
- thereby coupling the first molecule and the second molecule.
2 more elements
A process for coupling molecules, comprising:
- contacting a first molecule comprising one or more radically transferable atoms or groups and a second molecule which is capable of reacting with a radical, wherein the second molecule is not an olefin, with a system comprising;
- a transition metal, wherein the transition metal can participate in a redox reaction with the radically transferable atoms or groups;
- one or more N-, O-, P-, or S-containing ligands which can coordinate in a σ-bond or a π-bond to the transition metal, or a C containing compound which can coordinate in a π-bond to the transition metal;
- and
- a reducing agent;
- and
- thereby coupling the first molecule and the second molecules.
4 more elements
A process for coupling molecules, comprising:
- contacting a first molecule comprising one or more radically transferable atoms or groups and a second molecule which is capable of reacting with a radical, with a system comprising;
- a transition metal, wherein the transition metal can participate in a redox reaction with the radically transferable atoms or groups;
- one or more N-, O-, P-, or S-containing ligands which can coordinate in a σ-bond or a π-bond to the transition metal, or a C containing compound which can coordinate in a π-bond to the transition metal;
- and
- a reducing agent, comprising a transition metal in the zero oxidation state;
- and thereby coupling to the first molecule and the second molecules.
3 more elements
A process for coupling molecules, comprising:
- contacting a first molecule comprising one or more radically transferable atoms or groups and a second molecule which is capable of reacting with a radical, with a system comprising;
- a transition metal, wherein the transition metal can participate in a redox reaction with the radically transferable atoms or groups;
- one or more N-, O-, P-, or S-containing ligands which can coordinate in a σ-bond or a π-bond to the transition metal, or a C containing compound which can coordinate in a π-bond to the transition metal;
- and
- a reducing agent selected from the group consisting of electric current, a reductive metal, an organic reagent and an inorganic reagent;
- to couple the first molecule and the second molecules.
3 more elements
A process for coupling molecules, comprising:
- contacting a first molecule comprising one or more radically transferable atoms or groups and a stable free radical which is capable of reacting with a radical, with a system comprising;
- a transition metal, wherein the transition metal can participate in a redox reaction with the radically transferable atoms or groups;
- one or more N-, O-, P-, or S-containing ligands which can coordinate in a σ-bond or a π-bond to the transition metal, or a C containing compound which can coordinate in a π-bond to the transition metal;
- and
- a reducing agent;
- and
- thereby coupling the first molecule and the stable free radical.
4 more elements
A process for coupling molecules, comprising:
- contacting a first molecule comprising one or more radically transferable atoms or groups and a hydrogen transfer agent which is capable of reacting with a radical, with a system comprising;
- a transition metal, wherein the transition metal can participate in a redox reaction with the radically transferable atoms or groups;
- one or more N-, O-, P-, or S-containing ligands which can coordinate in a σ-bond or a π-bond to the transition metal, or a C containing compound which can coordinate in a π-bond to the transition metal;
- and
- a reducing agent;
- and
- thereby reacting the first molecule with the hydrogen transfer agent.
4 more elements
A process for coupling molecules, comprising:
- contacting a polymer formed by atom transfer polymerization comprising one or more radically transferable atoms or groups and a second molecule which is capable of reacting with a radical, with a system comprising;
- a transition metal, wherein the transition metal can participate in a redox reaction with the radically transferable atoms or groups;
- one or more N-, O-, P-, or S-containing ligands which can coordinate in a σ-bond or a π-bond to the transition metal, or a C containing compound which can coordinate in a π-bond to the transition metal;
- and
- a reducing agent;
- and
- thereby coupling the polymer formed by atom transfer radical polymerization and the second molecules resulting in a polymer with a terminal olefin group and, optionally, isolating the polymer.
4 more elements
A process for coupling molecules, comprising:
- contacting at least one first molecule comprising one or more radically transferable atoms or groups and at least one second molecule which reacts with a radical, wherein the second molecule is not an olefin, with a system comprising;
- a transition metal, wherein the transition metal can participate in a redox reaction with the radically transferable atoms or groups;
- one or more N-, O-, P-, or S-containing ligands which can coordinate in a σ-bond or a π-bond to the transition metal, or a C containing compound which can coordinate in a π-bond to the transition metal;
- and
- a reducing agent;
- and
- thereby coupling the first molecule and the second molecules wherein the molar ratio of first molecule to second molecule is substantially 50:50.
4 more elements
A process for the formation of a telechelic functional material, comprising:
- coupling at least two molecules, wherein each molecule comprises at least one radically transferable atom or group and a terminal non-radically transferable functional group, in the presence of:
- a transition metal, optionally in the zero oxidation state;
- and
- one or more N-, O-, P-, or S-containing ligands which can coordinate in a σ-bond or a π-bond to the transition metal, or a C containing compound which can coordinate in a π-bond to the transition metal;
- to form a telechelic functional material;
- and
- optionally, isolating the telechelic functional material.
4 more elements
A process for formation of telechelic polymers comprising:
- polymerizing one or more radically (co) polymerizable monomers in the presence of a system initially comprising:
- an initiator having one or more radically transferable atoms or groups,
- a transition metal compound that participates in a reversible redox cycle with the initiator, a dormant polymer chain end, or a growing polymer chain end, and
- one or more N-, O-, P-, or S-containing ligands which can coordinate in a σ-bond or a π-bond to the transition:
- metal, or any C containing compound which can coordinate in a π-bond to the transition metal,
- to form a (co) polymer having a radically transferable atom or group at one terminus thereof;
- and
- reacting the (co) polymer with a second initiator having a radically transferable atom or group, in the presence of a zero oxidation state transition metal to couple the second initiator and the (co) polymer.
5 more elements
A process for the formation of a telechelic functional material, comprising:
- coupling at least two molecules, wherein each molecule comprises at least one radically transferable atom or group and a terminal non-radically transferable functional group and at least one molecule comprises two or more radically transferable atoms or groups, in the presence of:
- a transition metal, optionally in the zero oxidation state;
- and
- one or more N-, O-, P-, or S-containing ligands which can coordinate in a σ-bond or a π-bond to the transition metal, or a C containing compound which can coordinate in a π-bond to the transition metal;
- to form a telechelic functional material;
- and
- optionally, isolating the telechelic functional material.
4 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.