Methods for extracting substances using alternating current

Abstract

A variety of methods for extracting different substances such as endogenous substances, pharmaceutical substances, markers of disease, and their metabolites across a tissue are provided. The methods utilize an AC signal to maintain a substantially constant electrical state in a region of the tissue through which extraction occurs, thereby allowing substances to be transported across the tissue in a controlled and predictable manner. Certain methods include an optional AC or DC prepulse signal to initially achieve the target electrical state. An optional DC offset signal can also be utilized to assist in promoting extraction of the substance. The methods have utility in a variety of different clinical settings and applications.

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