Histone deacetylase inhibitors

A compound of formula (I):

• wherein
• A is a cyclic moiety selected from the group consisting of monocyclic aryl or monocyclic heteroaryl;
• the cyclic moiety being optionally substituted with alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, hydroxylalkyl, or amino;
• each of X1 and X2, independently, is O or S;
• Y1 is —CH2—, —O—, —S—, —N(Ra)—, —N(Ra)—C(O)—O—, —O—C(O)—N(Ra)—, —N(Ra)—C(O)—N(Rb)—, —C(O)—O—, —O—C(O)—O—, or a bond;
• each of Ra and Rb, independently, being hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, hydroxylalkyl, hydroxyl, or haloalkyl;
• Y2 is —CH2—;
• L is an unsaturated straight C4-10 hydrocarbon chain containing at least two conjugated double bonds, at least one triple bond, or at least one double bond and one triple bond;
• said unsaturated hydrocarbon chain being optionally substituted with C1-4 alkyl, C2-4 alkenyl, C2-4 alkynyl, C1-4 alkoxy, or amino;
• and
• each of R1 and R2, independently, is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxylalkyl, or haloalkyl;
• or a salt thereof.

A compound of formula (II):

• wherein
• A is a cyclic moiety selected from the group consisting of monocyclic aryl or monocyclic heteroaryl;
• each of said cyclic moieties being optionally substituted with alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, hydroxylalkyl, or amino;
• each of X1 and X2, independently, is O or S;
• each of R1 and R2, independently, is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxylalkyl, or haloalkyl;
• each of R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10, independently, is hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, C2-4 alkenyl, C2-4 alkynyl, C1-4 alkoxy, hydroxyl, halo, hydroxylC1-4 alkyl, haloC1-4 alkyl, or amino;
• and
• each of a, b, c, d, and e, independently, is 0 or 1, and f is 1;
• provided that at least one of b, c, d, and e is not zero;
• or a salt thereof.

A compound of formula (I):

• wherein
• A is a cyclic moiety selected from the group consisting of C3-14 cycloalkyl, 3-14 membered heterocycloalkyl, C4-14 cycloalkenyl, 3-14 membered heterocycloalkenyl, monocyclic aryl, or monocyclic heteroaryl;
• the cyclic moiety being optionally substituted with alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, hydroxyl, hydroxylalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, amino, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkyloxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, aminosulfonyl, or alkylsulfonyl;
• each of X1 and X2, independently, is O or S;
• Y1 is —CH2—, —O—, —S—, —N(Ra)—, —N(Ra)—C(O)—O—, —O—C(O)—N(Ra)—, —N(Ra)—C(O)—N(Rb)—, —C(O)—O—, —O—C(O)—O—, or a bond;
• each of Ra and Rb, independently, being hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, hydroxylalkyl, hydroxyl, or haloalkyl;
• Y2 is —CH2—;
• L is
• —(CH═CH)m— where m is 2 or 3,
• an unsaturated straight C4-10 hydrocarbon chain containing 1-2 double bonds and 1-2 triple bonds,
• an unsaturated straight C4-8 hydrocarbon chain containing 1-2 double bonds and 1-2 triple bonds, or
• —C≡C—(CH═CH)n— where n is 1 or 2,
• L being optionally substituted with C1-4 alkyl, C2-4 alkenyl, C2-4 alkynyl, or C1-4 alkoxy,
• R1 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, hydroxylalkyl, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, or an amino protecting group;
• and
• R2 is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxylalkyl, haloalkyl, or a hydroxyl protecting group;
• or a salt thereof.