Fractal antenna ground counterpoise, ground planes, and loading elements and microstrip patch antennas with fractal structure

An antenna system including:

• a driven element, and
• at least one element a portion of which is a fractal element selected from a group consisting of (a) a fractal counterpoise element, and (b) a microstrip patch element;
• wherein said antenna system has a perimeter compression parameter (PC) defined by:
• PC = full ⁢ - ⁢ sized ⁢ ⁢ antenna ⁢ ⁢ element ⁢ ⁢ length Fractal ⁢ - ⁢ reduced ⁢ ⁢ antenna ⁢ ⁢ element ⁢ ⁢ length
• where:
• PC=A−log {N(D+C)}
• in which A and C are constant coefficients for a given said fractal generator motif, N is an iteration number, and D is a fractal dimension given by log(L)/log(r), where L and r are one-dimensional antenna element lengths before and after fractalization, respectively.

An antenna system including:

• a driven element, and
• at least one element a portion of which is a fractal element selected from a group consisting of (a) a fractal counterpoise element, and (b) a microstrip patch element;
• wherein:
• said antenna system is a vertical antenna system;
• said fractal element includes three fractal dendrite elements of overall length approximating 0.087λ;
• and wherein
• gain is substantially at least within 1 dB of unity.

A fractal antenna coupleable to a transceiver unit, the antenna comprising:

• a driven element, and
• at least one fractal element selected from a group consisting of (a) a fractal counterpoise element, and (b) a microstrip patch element, said fractal element having a physical shape defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧2 for at least a portion of said element;
• wherein said fractal is defined as a superposition over at least N=2 iterations of a fractal generator motif, an iteration being placement of said fractal generator motif upon a base figure through at least one positioning selected from the group consisting of (i) rotation, (ii) stretching, and (iii) translation;
• and
• wherein said fractal generator motif has x-axis, y-axis coordinates for a next iteration N+1 defined by xN+1=f(XN, YN) and YN+1=g(XN, YN) where XN, YN are coordinates for iteration N, and where f(x,y) and g(x,y) are functions defining said fractal generator motif and behavior.

An antenna system including:

• a driven element, and
• at least one element a portion of which is a fractal element selected from a group consisting of (a) a fractal counterpoise element, and (b) a microstrip patch element;
• wherein said antenna system has a perimeter compression parameter (PC) defined by:
• PC=A−log {N(D+C)}
• in which A and C are constant coefficients for a given said fractal generator motif, N is an iteration number, and D is a fractal dimension given by log(L)/log(r), where L and r are one-dimensional antenna element lengths before and after fractalization, respectively.