Permanent magnet

A permanent magnet which comprises an alloy comprising a hard magnetic phase having a ThMn12 tetragonal structure and a nonmagnetic phase, wherein said alloy is represented by a general formula given below:

• [R1-a(M1)a][T1-b-c(M2)b(M3)c]dxαAβ
• where R is at least one rare earth element (including Y);
• M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zr and Hf;
• T is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co and Ni;
• M2 is Cu or a combination of Cu and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Bi, Sn, Mg, In and Pb;
• M3 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, Ge, Zn, B, P and S;
• x is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Nb, Mo, Ta and W;
• A is at least one element selected from the group consisting of N, C and H;
• and the atomic ratios of a, b, c, d and α fall within the ranges of:
• 0≦a≦0.6;
• 0.01≦b≦0.20;
• 0≦c≦0.05;
• 6≦d≦11;
• 0.5≦α≦2.0;
• and 0≦β≦2.0.