Adhesion promoters containing silane, carbamate or urea, and donor or acceptor functionality

An adhesion promoter having the structure

• in which
• m and n independently are 1 to 6;
• R is a C1 to C3 alkyl group or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring or fused ring having 3 to 10 carbon atoms within the ring structure, in which the heteroatoms may be N, O, or S;,
• R1 and R2 independently are a linear or branched chain alkyl or alkyloxy group that have 2 to 100 carbon atoms, which chain may have cyclic moieties,
• E is a maleimide group or a group containing carbon to carbon double bonds connected to an aromatic ring and conjugated with the unsaturation in the ring, and
• X and Y are O, S or N(R3) with the proviso that X and Y may not both be O or S, and in which R3 is a C1 to C4 lower alkyl.