2-substituted-4-nitrogen heterocycles as modulators of chemokine receptor activity

A compound of formula I:

• or stereoisomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:
• J is selected from CH2 and CHR5;
• K and L are independently selected from CR5R6 and CR6R6;
• M, at each occurrence, is selected from CR5R6 and CR6R6;
• with the proviso that at least one of J, K, L, or M contains an R5;
• X is selected from (CR7′R7′)q—S—(CR7′R7′)q, (CR7′R7′)q—O—(CR7′R7′)q, (CR7′R7′)q—NR7—(CR7′R7′)q, (CR7′R7′)r—C(O)—(CR7′R7′)q, C1-6 alkylene substituted with 0-5 R7, C2-10 alkenylene substituted with 0-5 R7, C2-10 alkynylene substituted with 0-5 R7, and (CR7R7)t—A—(CR7R7)t substituted with 0-3 R8;
• with the proviso that when R7 or R7′ is bonded to the same carbon as Y, R7 is not halogen, cyano, or bonded through a heteroatom;
• A is C3-6 carbocyclic residue;
• Y is selected from NR11C(═O)NR11, NR11C(═S)NR11, NR11C(═NRa)NR11, NR11C(═CHCN)NR11, NR11C(═CHNO2)NR11, NR11C(═C(CN)2)NR11, NR11, C(O), S(O)2NR11, NR11S(O)2, NR11S(O)2NR11, C(O)NR11, NR11C(O), NR11C(O)O, OC(O)NR11, and S(O)p;
• Ra is selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, OH, CN, O—C1-6 alkyl, and (CH2)wphenyl;
• R1 is selected from a (CR1′R1″)r—C3-10 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-5 R9 and a (CR1′R1″)r—5-10 membered heterocyclic system containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, substituted with 0-3 R9;
• R1′ and R1″, at each occurrence, are selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, (CH2)rC3-6 cycloalkyl, and phenyl;
• R2, at each occurrence, is selected from H, C1-8 alkyl, (CR2′R2″)qNR12aR12a′, (CR2′R2″)wOH, (CR2′R2″)wO(CR2′R2″)rR12d, (CR2′R2″)qSH, (CR2′R2″)rC(O)H, (CR2′R2″)qS(CR2′R2″)rR12d, (CR2′R2″)rC(O)OH, (CR2′R2″)rC(O)(CR2′R2″)rR12b, (CR2′R2″)wNR12aC(NRa)NR12aR12a′, (CR2′R2″)rC(NRa)NR12aR12a′, (CR2′R2″)rC(NRa)R12b, (CR2′R2″)rC(O)NR12aR12a′, (CR2′R2″)qNR12fC(O)(CR2′R2″)rR12b, (CR2′R2″)rC(O)O(CR2′R2″)rR12d, (CR2′R2″)wOC(O)(CR2′R2″)rR12b, (CR2′R2″)wS(O)p(CR2′R2″)rR12b, (CR2′R2″)wS(O)2NR12aR12a′, (CR2′R2″)qNR12fS(O)2(CR2′R2″)rR12b, C1-6 haloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl substituted with 0-3 R12c, C2-8 alkynyl substituted with 0-3 R12c, a (CR2′R2″)r—C3-10 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-3 R12c, and a (CH2)r-5-10 membered heterocyclic system containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, substituted with 0-2 R12c;
• alternatively, R2 is an amino acid residue;
• R2′ and R2″, at each occurrence, are selected from H, C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, (CF2)rCF3, (CH2)rCN, (CH2)rNO2, (CF2)rCF3, (CH2)rNR2aR2a′, (CH2)rOH, (CH2)rOR2b, (CH2)rSH, (CH2)rSR2b, (CH2)rC(O)OH, (CH2)rC(O)R2b, (CH2)rC(O)NR2aR2a′, (CH2)rNR2dC(O)R2a, (CH2)rC(O)OR2b, (CH2)rOC(O)R2b, (CH2)rS(O)pR2b, (CH2)rS(O)2NR2aR2a′, (CH2)NR2dS(O)2R2b, C1-6 haloalkyl, a (CR2′R2″)r—C3-10 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-5 R2c, and a (CH2)r-5-10 membered heterocyclic system containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, substituted with 0-2 R2c;
• R2a and R2a′, at each occurrence, are selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, and phenyl substituted with 0-3 R2c;
• R2b, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, and phenyl substituted with 0-3 R2c;
• R2c, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-4 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, (CH2)rC3-6 cycloalkyl, Cl, Br, I, F, (CF2)rCF3, NO2, CN, (CH2)rNR2dR2d, (CH2)rOH, (CH2)rOC1-4 alkyl, (CH2)rSC1-4 alkyl, (CH2)rC(O)OH, (CH2)rC(O)R2b, (CH2)rC(O)NR2dR2d, (CH2)rNR2dC(O)R7a, (CH2)rC(O)OC1-4 alkyl, (CH2)rOC(O)R2b, (CH2)rC(═NR2d)NR2dR2d, (CH2)rS(O)pR2d, (CH2)rNHC(═NR2d)NR2dR2d, (CH2)rS(O)2NR2dR2d, (CH2)rNR2dS(O)2R2b, and (CH2)rphenyl substituted with 0-3 R9e;
• R2d, at each occurrence, is selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, and C3-6 cycloalkyl;
• R3 is selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, (CF2)rCF3, (CH2)qNR3aR3a′, (CH2)qOH, (CH2)qOR3b, (CH2)qSH, (CH2)qSR3b, (CH2)rC(O)OH, (CH2)rC(O)R3b, (CH2)rC(O)NR3aR3a′, (CH2)qNR3dC(O)R3a, (CH2)rC(O)OR3b, (CH2)qOC(O)R3b, (CH2)rS(O)pR3b, (CH2)rS(O)2NR3aR3a′, (CH2)qNR3dS(O)2R3b, and (CH2)r-phenyl substituted with 0-3 R3c;
• R3a and R3a , at each occurrence, are selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, and phenyl substituted with 0-3 R3c;
• R3b, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, and phenyl substituted with 0-3 R3c;
• R3c, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, NO2, (CF2)rCF3, (CH2)rOC1-5 alkyl, (CH2)rOH, (CH2)rSC1-5 alkyl, and (CH2)rNR3dR3d;
• R3d, at each occurrence, is selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, and C3-6 cycloalkyl;
• R4 is absent, taken with the nitrogen to which it is attached to form an N-oxide, or taken with the nitrogen to which it is attached to form a quaternary salt comprising a compound of formula (I) and a counterion and is selected from C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, (CH2)rC3-6 cycloalkyl, (CH2)qC(O)R4b, (CH2)qC(O)NR4aR4a′, (CH2)qC(O)OR4b, and a (CH2)r—C3-10 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-3 R4c;
• R4a and R4a′, at each occurrence, are selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, (CH2)rC3-6 cycloalkyl, and phenyl;
• R4b, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-6 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, (CH2)rC3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkynyl, and phenyl;
• R4c, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-6 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, NO2, (CF2)rCF3, (CH2)rOC1-5 alkyl, (CH2)rOH, (CH2)rSC1-5 alkyl, (CH2)rNR4aR4a′, and (CH2)rphenyl;
• R5 is selected from a (CR5′R5″)t—C3-10 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-5 R10 and a (CR5′R5″)t-5-10 membered heterocyclic system containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, substituted with 0-3 R10;
• R5′ and R5″, at each occurrence, are selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, (CH2)rC3-6 cycloalkyl, and phenyl;
• alternatively, R5 and R6 join to form a 5, 6, or 7-membered spirocycle, containing 0-3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, substituted with 0-3 R16;
• R6, at each occurrence, is selected from H, C1-4 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, (CH2)rC3-6 cycloalkyl, (CF2)rCF3, CN, (CH2)rNR6aR6a′, (CH2)rOH, (CH2)rOR6b, (CH2)rSH, (CH2)rSR6b, (CH2)rC(O)OH, (CH2)rC(O)R6b, (CH2)rC(O)NR6aR6a′, (CH2)rNR6dC(O)R6a, (CH2)rC(O)OR6b, (CH2)rOC(O)R6b, (CH2)rS(O)pR6b, (CH2)rS(O)2NR6aR6a′, (CH2)rNR6dS(O)2R6b, and (CH2)tphenyl substituted with 0-3 R6c;
• R6a and R6a′, at each occurrence, are selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, and phenyl substituted with 0-3 R6c;
• R6b, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, and phenyl substituted with 0-3 R6c;
• R6c, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, NO2, (CF2)rCF3, (CH2)rOC1-5 alkyl, (CH2)rOH, (CH2)rSC1-5 alkyl, and (CH2)rNR6dR6d;
• R6d, at each occurrence, is selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, and C3-6 cycloalkyl;
• R7, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, F, Cl, Br, I, (CH2)rOH, (CH2)rSH, (CH2)rOR7d, (CH2)rSR7d, (CH2)rNR7aR7a′, C1-6 haloalkyl, a (CH2)r—C3-6 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-3 R7c;
• R7a and R7a′, at each occurrence, are selected from H, C1-6alkyl, (CH2)rC3-6 cycloalkyl, and phenyl substituted with 0-3 R7e;
• R7b, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-6 alkyl, C2-8alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, a (CH2)r—C3-6 cycloalkyl, and phenyl substituted with 0-3 R7e;
• R7c, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-6 alkyl, C2-8alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, NO2, (CF2)rCF3, (CH2)rOC1-6 alkyl, OH, SH, (CH2)rSC1-6 alkyl, (CH2)rNR7dR7d, C(O)C1-6 alkyl, and (CH2)rphenyl;
• R7d, at each occurrence, is selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, and C3-6 cycloalkyl;
• R7e, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-6 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, (CH2)rC3-6 cycloalkyl, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, NO2, (CF2)rCF3, (CH2)rOC1-5 alkyl, OH, SH, (CH2)rSC1-5 alkyl, (CH2)rNR7fR7f, and (CH2)rphenyl;
• R7f, at each occurrence, is selected from H, C1-5 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, and phenyl;
• R7′, at each occurrence, is selected from H, C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, (CH2)qOH, (CH2)qSH, (CH2)qOR7b, (CH2)qSR7b, (CH2)qNR7aR7a′, (CH2)rC(O)OH, C1-6 haloalkyl, a (CH2)r—C3-6 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-3 R7c;
• R8, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, (CH2)rC3-6 cycloalkyl, Cl, Br, I, F, NO2, CN, (CHR′)rNR8aR8a′, (CHR′)rOH, (CHR′)rO(CHR′)rR8d, (CHR′)rSH, (CHR′)rC(O)H, (CHR′)rS(CHR′)rR8d, (CHR′)rC(O)OH, (CHR′)rC(O)(CHR′)rR8b, (CHR′)rC(O)NR8aR8a′, (CHR′)rNR8fC(O)(CHR′)rR8b, (CHR′)rC(O)O(CHR′)rR8d, (CHR′)rOC(O)(CHR′)rR8b, (CHR′)rC(═NR8f)NR8aR8a′, (CHR′)rNHC(═NR8f)NR8fR8f, (CHR′)rS(O)p(CHR′)rR8b, (CHR′)rS(O)2NR8aR8a, (CHR′)rNR8fS(O)2(CHR′)rR8b, C1-6 haloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl substituted with 0-3 R′, C2-8 alkynyl substituted with 0-3 R′, and (CHR′)rphenyl substituted with 0-3 R8e;
• R′, at each occurrence, is selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, (CH2)rC3-6 cycloalkyl, and (CH2)rphenyl substituted with R8e;
• R8a and R8a′, at each occurrence, are selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, a (CH2)r—C3-10 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-5 R8e, and a (CH2)r-5-10 membered heterocyclic system containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, substituted with 0-2 R8e;
• R8b, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-6 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, a (CH2)r—C3-6 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-3 R8e, and (CH2)r-5-6 membered heterocyclic system containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, substituted with 0-2 R8e;
• R8d, at each occurrence, is selected from C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C1-6 alkyl substituted with 0-3 R8e, a (CH2)r—C3-10 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-3 R8e, and a (CH2)r5-6 membered heterocyclic system containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, substituted with 0-3 R8e;
• R8e, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-6 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, (CH2)rC3-6 cycloalkyl, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, NO2, (CF2)rCF3, (CH2)rOC1-5 alkyl, OH, SH, (CH2)rSC1-5 alkyl, (CH2)rNR8fR8f, and (CH2)rphenyl;
• R8f, at each occurrence, is selected from H, C1-5 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, and phenyl;
• R9, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, (CH2)rC3-6 cycloalkyl, Cl, Br, I, F, NO2, CN, (CHR′)rNR9aR9a′, (CHR′)rOH, (CHR′)rO(CHR′)rR9d, (CHR′)rSH, (CHR′)rC(O)H, (CHR′)rS(CHR′)rR9d, (CHR′)rC(O)OH, (CHR′)rC(O)(CHR′)rR9b, (CHR′)rC(O)NR9aR9a′, (CHR′)rNR9fC(O)(CHR′)rR9b, (CHR′)rC(O)O(CHR′)rR9d, (CHR′)rOC(O)(CHR′)rR9b, (CHR′)rC(═NR9f)NR9a′, (CHR′)rNHC(═NR9f)NR9fR9f, (CHR′)rS(O)p(CHR′)rR9b, (CHR′)rS(O)2NR9aR9a′, (CHR′)rNR9fS(O)2(CHR′)rR9b, C1-6 haloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl substituted with 0-3 R′, C28 alkynyl substituted with 0-3 R′, (CHR′)rphenyl substituted with 0-3 R9e, and a (CH2)r-5-10 membered heterocyclic system containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, substituted with 0-2 R9e;
• R9a and R9a′, at each occurrence, are selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, a (CH2)r—C3-10 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-5 R9e, and a (CH2)r-5-10 membered heterocyclic system containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, substituted with 0-2 R9e;
• R9b, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-6 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, a (CH2)r—C3-6 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-3 R9e, and (CH2)r-5-6 membered heterocyclic system containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, substituted with 0-2 R9e;
• R9d, at each occurrence, is selected from C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C1-6 alkyl substituted with 0-3 R9e, a (CH2)r—C3-10 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-3 R9e, and a (CH2)r5-6 membered heterocyclic system containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, substituted with 0-3 R9e;
• R9e, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-6 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, (CH2)rC3-6 cycloalkyl, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, NO2, (CF2)rCF3, (CH2)rOC1-5 alkyl, OH, SH, (CH2)rSC1-5 alkyl, (CH2)rNR9fR9f, and (CH2)rphenyl;
• R9f, at each occurrence, is selected from H, C1-5 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, and phenyl;
• R10, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, (CH2)rC3-6 cycloalkyl, Cl, Br, I, F, NO2, CN, (CHR′)rNR10aR10a′, (CHR′)rOH, (CHR′)rO(CHR′)rR10d, (CHR′)rSH, (CHR′)rC(O)H, (CHR′)rS(CHR′)rR10d, (CHR′)rC(O)OH, (CHR′)rC(O)(CHR′)rR10b, (CHR′)rC(O)NR10aR10a′, (CHR′)rNR10fC(O)(CHR′)rR10b, (CHR′)rC(O)O(CHR′)rR10d, (CHR′)rOC(O)(CHR′)rR10b, (CHR′)rC(═NR10f)NR10aR10a′, (CHR′)rNHC(═NR10f)NR10fR10f, (CHR′)rS(O)p(CHR′)rR10b, (CHR′)rS(O)2NR10aR10a′, (CHR′)rNR10fS(O)2(CHR′)rR10b, C1-6 haloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl substituted with 0-3 R′, C2-8 alkynyl substituted with 0-3 R′, and (CHR′)rphenyl substituted with 0-3 R10e;
• R10a and R10a′, at each occurrence, are selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, a (CH2)r—C3-10 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-5 R10e, and a (CH2)r-5-10 membered heterocyclic system containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, substituted with 0-2 R10e;
• R10b, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-6 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, a (CH2)r—C3-6 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-3 R10e, and (CH2)r-5-6 membered heterocyclic system containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, substituted with 0-2 R10e;
• R10d, at each occurrence, is selected from C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C1-6 alkyl substituted with 0-3 R10e, a (CH2)r—C3-10 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-3 R10e, and a (CH2)r5-6 membered heterocyclic system containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, substituted with 0-3 R10e;
• R10e, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-6 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, (CH2)rC3-6 cycloalkyl, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, NO2, (CF2)rCF3, (CH2)rOC1-5 alkyl, OH, SH, (CH2)rSC1-5 alkyl, (CH2)rNR10fR10f, and (CH2)rphenyl;
• R10f, at each occurrence, is selected from H, C1-5 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, and phenyl;
• R11, at each occurrence is selected from H, C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, (CH2)rC3-6 cycloalkyl, and a (CH2)r—C3-10 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-5 R11a;
• R11a, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-4 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, (CH2)rC3-6 cycloalkyl, Cl, Br, I, F, (CF2)rCF3, NO2, CN, (CH2)rNR11bR11b, (CH2)rOH, (CH2)rOR11c, (CH2)rSH, (CH2)rSR11c, (CH2)rC(O)R11b, (CH2)rC(O)NR11bR11b, (CH2)rNR11bC(O)R11b, (CH2)rC(O)OR11b, (CH2)rOC(O)R11c, (CH2)rCH(═NR11b)NR11bR11b, (CH2)rNHC(═NR11b)NR11bR11b, (CH2)rS(O)pR11c, (CH2)rS(O)2NR11bR11b, (CH2)rNR11bS(O)2R11c, and (CH2)rphenyl;
• R11b, at each occurrence, is selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, and phenyl;
• R11c, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-5 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, and phenyl;
• R12a and R12a′, at each occurrence, are selected from H, C1-6 alkyl substituted with 0-3 R12e, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, a (CH2)r—C3-10 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-5 R12e, and a (CH2)r-5-10 membered heterocyclic system containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, substituted with 0-2 R12e;
• R12b, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-6 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, a (CH2)r—C3-6 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-3 R12e, and (CH2)r-5-6 membered heterocyclic system containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, substituted with 0-2 R12e;
• R12c, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-4 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, (CH2)rC3-6 cycloalkyl, Cl, Br, I, F, (CF2)rCF3, NO2, CN, (CH2)rNR12fR12f, (CH2)rOH, (CH2)rOC1-4 alkyl, (CH2)rSC1-4 alkyl, (CH2)rC(O)OH, (CH2)rC(O)R12b, (CH2)rC(O)NR12fR12f, (CH2)rNR12fC(O)R12a, (CH2)rC(O)OC1-4 alkyl, (CH2)rOC(O)R12b, (CH2)rC(═NR12f)NR12fR12f, (CH2)rS(O)pR12b, (CH2)rNHC(═NR12f)NR12fR12f, (CH2)rS(O)2NR12fR12f, (CH2)rNR12fS(O)2R12b, and (CH2)rphenyl substituted with 0-3 R12e;
• R12d, at each occurrence, is selected from C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C1-6 alkyl substituted with 0-3 R12e, a (CH2)r—C3-10 carbocyclic residue substituted with 0-3 R12e, and a (CH2)r5-6 membered heterocyclic system containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, substituted with 0-3 R12e;
• R12e, at each occurrence, is selected from C1-6 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, (CH2)rC3-6 cycloalkyl, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, NO2, (CF2)rCF3, (CH2)rOC1-5 alkyl, OH, SH, (CH2)rSC1-5 alkyl, (CH2)rNR12fR12f, and (CH2)rphenyl;
• R12f, at each occurrence, is selected from H, C1-5 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, and phenyl;
• w is selected from 2, 3, 4, and 5;
• v is 1;
• t is selected from 0, 1 and 2;
• r is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5;
• q is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5;
• and
• p is selected from 1, 2, and 3.