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US 6,421,453 B1Granted
Apparatus and methods for user recognition employing behavioral passwords
AssigneeInternational Business Machines Corporation
InventorsDimitri Kanevsky, Stephane H. Maes
Life of this patent
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Abstract
A method for controlling access of an individual to one of a computer and a service and a facility comprises the steps of: pre-storing a predefined sequence of intentional gestures performed by the individual during an enrollment session; extracting the predefined sequence of intentional gestures from the individual during a recognition session; and comparing the pre-stored sequence of intentional gestures to the extracted sequence of intentional gestures to recognize the individual.
Claims53
A method for controlling access of an individual to one of a computer and a service and a facility, the method comprising the steps of:
- pre-storing a predefined sequence of intentional gestures performed by the individual during an enrollment session;
- extracting the predefined sequence of intentional gestures from the individual during a recognition session;
- and
- comparing the pre-stored sequence of intentional gestures to the extracted sequence of intentional gestures to recognize the individual;
- and
- wherein the method further comprises the steps of:
- determining whether the individual has performed any accidental movements more than a predetermined number of times during a plurality of recognition sessions;
- and
- adding the accidental movements to the predefined sequence of intentional gestures, when the individual has performed the accidental movements more than the predetermined number of times.
6 more elements
A method for controlling access of an individual to one of a computer and a service and a facility, the method comprising the steps of:
- pre-storing a predefined sequence of intentional gestures performed by the individual during an enrollment session;
- extracting the predefined sequence of intentional gestures from the individual during a recognition session;
- and
- comparing the pre-stored sequence of intentional gestures to the extracted sequence of intentional gestures to recognize the individual;
- and
- wherein the method further comprises the step of, during the recognition session, identifying the predefined sequence of intentional gestures within a larger sequence of gestures performed by the individual by using pre-specified visually observable gestures to respectively indicate a beginning and an end of the predefined sequence of intentional gestures.
3 more elements
An apparatus for controlling access of an individual to one of a computer and a service and a facility, the apparatus comprising the steps of:
- means for pre-storing a predefined sequence of intentional gestures performed by the individual during an enrollment session;
- means for extracting the predefined sequence of intentional gestures from the individual during a recognition session;
- and
- means for comparing the pre-stored sequence of intentional gestures to the extracted sequence of intentional gestures to recognize the individual,
- wherein said apparatus further comprises:
- means for digitizing video input data corresponding to the extracted sequence of intentional gestures to obtain a string of digitized image frames;
- means for segmenting the string of frames into sub-strings of frames that represent single gestures;
- and
- means for concatenating the sub-strings of frames associated with an encompassing single gesture;
- and
- wherein the segmenting means further comprises:
- means for comparing each digitized image frame in the string of frames with a library of gestures to associated the digitized image frame with a single gesture;
- means for utilizing predefined criteria to determine the digitized image frame in the string of frames that represents an end of a single gesture;
- and
- means for defining a sub-string of frames other than a first sub-string of frames as the frame representing the end of the single gesture, a beginning frame preceding the frame representing the end of a next single gesture, and the frames therebetween.
12 more elements
An apparatus for controlling access of an individual to one of a computer and a service and a facility, the apparatus comprising:
- means for pre-storing a predefined sequence of intentional gestures performed by the individual during an enrollment session;
- means for extracting the predefined sequence of intentional gestures from the individual during a recognition session;
- and
- means for comparing the pre-stored sequence of intentional gestures to the extracted sequence of intentional gestures to recognize the individual;
- and
- wherein the apparatus further comprises:
- means for pre-storing at least one non-biometric feature associated with the individual during the enrollment session;
- means for extracting the at least one non-biometric feature from the individual during the recognition session;
- and
- means for comparing the pre-stored at least one non-biometric feature to the extracted at least one non-biometric feature to recognize the individual;
- and
- wherein the at least one non-biometric feature comprises at least one synthesized sound outside of a range of human hearing.
9 more elements
An apparatus for controlling access of an individual to one of a computer and a service and a facility, the apparatus comprising:
- means for pre-storing a predefined sequence of intentional gestures performed by the individual during an enrollment session;
- means for extracting the predefined sequence of intentional gestures from the individual during a recognition session;
- and
- means for comparing the pre-stored sequence of intentional gestures to the extracted sequence of intentional gestures to recognize the individual;
- and
- wherein the predefined sequence of intentional gestures comprises a sequence of hand signals performed in an enclosure that restricts visibility to the sequence of hand signals.
3 more elements
An apparatus for controlling access of an individual to one of a computer and a service and a facility, the apparatus comprising:
- means for pre-storing a predefined sequence of intentional gestures performed by the individual during an enrollment session;
- means for extracting the predefined sequence of intentional gestures from the individual during a recognition session;
- and
- means for comparing the pre-stored sequence of intentional gestures to the extracted sequence of intentional gestures to recognize the individual;
- and
- wherein the apparatus further comprises:
- means for determining whether the individual has performed any accidental movements more than a predetermined number of times during a plurality of recognition sessions;
- and
- means for adding the accidental movements to the predefined sequence of intentional gestures, when the individual has performed the accidental movements more than the predetermined number of times.
6 more elements
An apparatus for controlling access of an individual to one of a computer and a service and a facility, the apparatus comprising:
- means for pre-storing a predefined sequence of intentional gestures performed by the individual during an enrollment session;
- means for extracting the predefined sequence of intentional gestures from the individual during a recognition session;
- and
- means for comparing the pre-stored sequence of intentional gestures to the extracted sequence of intentional gestures to recognize the individual;
- and
- wherein the apparatus further comprises, during the recognition session, means for identifying the predefined sequence of intentional gestures within a larger sequence of gestures performed by the individual by using pre-specified visually observable gestures to respectively indicate a beginning and an end of the predefined sequence of intentional gestures.
3 more elements
An apparatus for controlling access of an individual to one of a computer and a service and a facility, the apparatus comprising the steps of:
- means for pre-storing a predefined sequence of intentional gestures performed by the individual during an enrollment session;
- means for extracting the predefined sequence of intentional gestures from the individual during a recognition session;
- and
- means for comparing the pre-stored sequence of intentional gestures to the extracted sequence of intentional gestures to recognize the individual;
- and
- wherein the apparatus further comprises:
- means for representing each frame corresponding to the predefined sequence of intentional gestures as a vector;
- and
- means for clustering the frames, wherein said clustering step comprises the step of replacing a similar sequence of vectors corresponding to a single gesture with a same number of identical vectors to reduce a number of different vectors per the single gesture.
6 more elements
A method for controlling access of an individual to one of a computer and a service and a facility, the method comprising the steps of:
- pre-storing a predefined sequence of intentional gestures performed by the individual during an enrollment session;
- extracting the predefined sequence of intentional gestures from the individual during a recognition session;
- and
- comparing the pre-stored sequence of intentional gestures to the extracted sequence of intentional gestures to recognize the individual,
- wherein said method further comprises the steps of:
- digitizing video input data corresponding to the extracted sequence of intentional gestures to obtain a string of digitized image frames;
- segmenting the string of frames into sub-strings of frames that represent single gestures;
- and
- concatenating the sub-strings of frames associated with an encompassing single gesture;
- and
- wherein the segmenting step further comprises the steps of:
- comparing each digitized image frame in the string of frames with a library of gestures to associated the digitized image frame with a single gesture;
- utilizing predefined criteria to determine the digitized image frame in the string of frames that represents an end of a single gesture;
- and
- defining a sub-string of frames other than a first sub-string of frames as the frame representing the end of the single gesture, a beginning frame preceding the frame representing the end of a next single gesture, and the frames therebetween.
12 more elements
A method for controlling access of an individual to one of a computer and a service and a facility, the method comprising the steps of:
- pre-storing a predefined sequence of intentional gestures performed by the individual during an enrollment session;
- extracting the predefined sequence of intentional gestures from the individual during a recognition session;
- and
- comparing the pre-stored sequence of intentional gestures to the extracted sequence of intentional gestures to recognize the individual;
- and
- wherein the method further comprises the steps of:
- pre-storing at least one non-biometric feature associated with the individual during the enrollment session;
- extracting the at least one non-biometric feature from the individual during the recognition session;
- and
- comparing the pre-stored at least one non-biometric feature to the extracted at least one non-biometric feature to recognize the individual;
- and
- wherein the at least one non-biometric feature comprises at least one synthesized sound outside of a range of human hearing.
9 more elements
A method for controlling access of an individual to one of a computer and a service and a facility, the method comprising the steps of:
- pre-storing a predefined sequence of intentional gestures performed by the individual during an enrollment session;
- extracting the predefined sequence of intentional gestures from the individual during a recognition session;
- and
- comparing the pre-stored sequence of intentional gestures to the extracted sequence of intentional gestures to recognize the individual;
- and
- wherein the predefined sequence of intentional gestures comprises a sequence of hand signals performed in an enclosure that restricts visibility to the sequence of hand signals.
3 more elements
A method for controlling access of an individual to one of a computer and a service and a facility, the method comprising the steps of:
- pre-storing a predefined sequence of intentional gestures performed by the individual during an enrollment session;
- extracting the predefined sequence of intentional gestures from the individual during a recognition session;
- and
- comparing the pre-stored sequence of intentional gestures to the extracted sequence of intentional gestures to recognize the individual;
- and
- wherein the method further comprises the steps of:
- representing each frame corresponding to the predefined sequence of intentional gestures as a vector;
- and
- clustering the frames, wherein said clustering step comprises the step of replacing a similar sequence of vectors corresponding to a single gesture with a same number of identical vectors to reduce a number of different vectors per the single gesture.
6 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.