# US 6,421,163 B1 · Two dimensional transform generator > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 6,421,163 B1 - Document ID: US6421163B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 09/186,153 - Filed: 1998-11-05 - Granted: 2002-07-16 - Earliest claimed: 1998-11-05 - Assignees: Comptic, Inc. - Inventors: William H. Culver; Donald Cronin Schmadel, Jr. - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US6421163B1 ## CPC - G02B 27/46: Systems using spatial filters - G06E 3/005: {using electro-optical or opto-electronic means} - G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS - G06E: OPTICAL COMPUTING DEVICES (digital storage using optical elements G11C13/04) ## Abstract A system that optically performs complex transforms, such as Fourier transforms. The system includes a pixel addressable spatial modulator that, in parallel, adjusts the phase of the light of each pixel. The modulator can be a reflective or transmissive type device. A transform lens, such as a Fourier lens, performs a two dimensional transform of the pixels outputs. This operation is repeated for the characteristic function (real and imaginary) of the function. The transformed outputs of the characteristic functions are sampled by a light detector and processed by a computer using simple fast operations, such as addition, into the final transform. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus, comprising: a two dimensional transform generator producing a transform beam, comprising: first and second phase only spatial light modulators modulating first and second light beams; and a combiner combining the modulated first and second light beams producing the transform beam modulated in both desired phase and amplitude; and a bias beam generator producing a bias beam combined with the transform beam to produce a combined beam. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) An apparatus as recited in claim 1, further comprising a detector detecting the combined beam. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) An apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said transform generator further comprises a transform lense. ### Claim 4 An apparatus, comprising: a two dimensional transform generator producing a transform beam; a bias beam generator producing a bias beam combined with a transform beam to produce a combined beam; and a detector detecting the combined beam, wherein said detector includes pixels and said bias beam generator adjusts the bias beam to zero out a pixel during calibration. ### Claim 5 An apparatus, comprising: first and second phase only spatial light modulators modulating first and second light beams; and a combiner combining the modulated first and second light beams producing a combined beam modulated in both desired phase and amplitude. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) An apparatus as recited in claim 5, further comprising a transform lense transforming the combined beam. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) An apparatus as recited in claim 5, further comprising a bias beam generator producing a bias beam combined with the combined beam. ### Claim 8 An apparatus, comprising: first and second phase only spatial light modulators modulating first and second light beams; a combiner combining the modulated first and second light beams producing a combined beam modulated in both desired phase and amplitude; and a transform lense transforming the combined beam. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) An apparatus as recited in claim 8, wherein said lense comprises a Fourier transform lense. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) An apparatus as recited in claim 8, further comprising a detector detecting the transformed combined beam. ### Claim 11 An apparatus, comprising: a source producing a coherent beam; a beamsplitter splitting the beam into first and second beams; and a two dimensional spatial phase modulator comprising first and second phase only spatial light modulators modulating the first and second beams and said beam splitter combining the modulated first beam and the second beam producing a combined beam modulated in both desired phase and amplitude. ### Claim 12 An apparatus, comprising: a source producing a coherent beam; a beamsplitter splitting the beam into first and second beams, the second beam comprising a bias beam; a two dimensional spatial phase modulator modulating the first beam and said beam splitter combining the modulated first beam and the second beam; and a transform lense positioned to transform the modulated first beam before the modulated first beam is combined with the second beam. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) An apparatus as recited in claim 12, wherein said modulator comprises a pixel modulator producing phase modulated pixel beams and further comprising: a pixel detector detecting the pixels beams; and a computer coupled to said pixel modulator and said pixel detector, loading the pixel modulator with phase modulation values, storing values of the pixel beams and producing a transform output. ### Claim 14 An apparatus, comprising: a source producing a coherent beam; a first beam splitter splitting the beam into first and second beams; a first two dimensional phase only spatial phase modulator modulating the first beam; a second two dimensional phase only spatial phase modulator modulating the second beam; and a second beam splitter combining the modulated first and second beams producing a combined beam modulated in both desired phase and amplitude. ### Claim 15 An apparatus comprising: a source producing a coherent beam; a first beam splitter splitting the beam into first and second beams; a first two dimensional spatial phase modulator modulating the first beam; a second two dimensional spatial phase modulator modulating the second beam; a second beam splitter combining the modulated first and second beams; a transform lense transforming the combined modulated first and second beams and producing a transform beam; a bias beam generator producing a bias beam; a third beam splitter combining the bias beam and the transform beam; and a detector detecting the combined bias and transform beams. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) An apparatus as recited in claim 15, further comprising a computer coupled to said modulator and said detector, loading the modulator with phase modulation values, storing values of pixel beams and producing a transform output. ### Claim 17 An apparatus, comprising: a laser beam source producing a laser beam; a beam expander expanding the laser beam; a first beamsplitter splitting the laser beam into a bias beam and a transform path beam; a phase adjuster adjusting a phase of the bias beam; an amplitude adjuster adjusting an amplitude of the phase adjusted bias beam producing an amplitude adjusted bias beam; a first mirror reflecting the amplitude adjusted as an adjusted bias beam; a second beam splitter splitting the transform path beam into first and second beams; a second mirror reflecting the second beam; a calibration shutter positioned to block the first beam and/or the second reflected beam; a position adjustable mirror reflecting the first beam; a first two dimensional, transmissive, spatial, phase only pixel modulator modulating the reflected first beam producing first phase modulated pixel beams; a second two dimensional, transmissive, spatial, substantially phase only pixel modulator modulating the reflected second beam producing second phase modulated pixel beams; a third beamsplitter combining the first and second phase modulated pixel beams producing combined pixel beams; a Fourier transform lense transforming the combined pixel beams producing transformed beam wavefronts; an alignment lense aligning beam wavefronts; a fourth beam splitter combining the beam wavefronts with the adjusted bias beam producing a biased beam wavefronts; a pixel detector detecting the biased beam wave fronts; and a computer loading said modulators with phase adjustment values, reading pixel values of said detector and producing a Fourier transform. ### Claim 18 A method of performing a transform, comprising: loading a two dimensional transform generator with first real phase related values; setting a phase of a bias beam at zero phase; reading first real outputs of a detector; loading a two dimensional transform generator with second real phase related values; reading second real outputs of a detector; loading the generator with first imaginary phase related values; reading first imaginary outputs of the detector; loading the generator with second imaginary phase related values; reading second imaginary outputs of the detector; and adding the first real outputs, the second real outputs, the first imaginary outputs and the second imaginary outputs forming the transform. ### Claim 19 A method of performing a transform, comprising: loading a first two dimensional transform generator with first real phase related values; loading a second two dimensional transform generator with second real phase related values; setting a phase of a bias beam at zero phase; reading real outputs of a detector; loading the first two dimensional transform generator with first imaginary phase related values; loading the second two dimensional transform generator with second imaginary phase related values; setting a phase of a bias beam at zero phase; reading imaginary outputs of the detector; and adding the real outputs and imaginary outputs forming the transform. ### Claim 20 An apparatus for creating a wavefront having an arbitrarily defined phase and amplitude distribution, comprising: a source of a coherent laser beam; first and second substantially phase-only spatial light modulators; a beam splitter splitting the laser beam into two essentially equal power beams, said beam splitter and said first and second spatial light modulators being positioned such that each of the two essentially equal power beams is incident on a face of one of the first and second spatial light modulators and a virtual image of each of the first and second spatial light modulators coincide pixel by pixel; and a controller controlling a phase of each of the first and second spatial light modulators so that light emitted from said beam splitter has a desired phase and amplitude. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The apparatus as claimed in claim 20, further comprising a Fourier transform lens positioned to produce a Fourier transform of the light emitted from the beam splitter on an output plane. ### Claim 22 An apparatus for performing an optical two-dimensional Fourier transform, comprising: a source of a coherent laser beam; first and second substantially phase-only spatial light modulators; a beam splitter splitting the laser beam into first and second beams, the first beam being a bias beam; a phase adjuster adjusting a phase of the bias beam; an amplitude adjuster adjusting an amplitude of the phase adjusted bias beam; a Fourier transform lens producing a Fourier transform of light emitted from said beam splitter; and reflecting elements directing the bias beam onto an output plane which is co-linear with an axis of the Fourier transform produced by the Fourier transform lens. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The apparatus as claimed in claim 22, further comprising: a photodetector array located on the output plane and producing a signal; means for reading and storing the signal produced from said photodetector array; and control means for adjusting the phase and amplitude of the bias beam and for causing the signal produced at the photodetector array to be the real or imaginary part of the Fourier transform. ### Claim 24 An apparatus, comprising: a two dimensional transform generator producing a transform beam, comprising: first and second phase only spatial light modulators modulating first and second light beams; and a combiner combining the modulated first and second light beams producing a combined beam modulated in both desired phase and amplitude; and a bias beam generator producing a bias beam combined with a transform beam to produce a combined beam, wherein a Fourier transform function is calculated. ### Claim 25 An apparatus, comprising: first and second phase only spatial light modulators modulating first and second light beams; and a combiner combining the modulated first and second light beams producing a combined beam modulated in both desired phase and amplitude, wherein a Fourier transform function is calculated. ### Claim 26 An apparatus, comprising: first and second phase only spatial light modulators modulating first and second light beams; a combiner combining the modulated first and second light beams producing a combined beam modulated in both desired phase and amplitude; and a transform lense transforming the combined beam, wherein a Fourier transform function is calculated. ### Claim 27 An apparatus, comprising: a source producing a coherent beam; a beamsplitter splitting the beam into first and second beams; and a two dimensional spatial phase modulator modulating the first beam, comprising: first and second phase only spatial light modulators modulating first and second light beams and said beam splitter combining the modulated first beam and the second beam producing a combined beam modulated in both desired phase and amplitude, wherein a Fourier transform function is calculated. ### Claim 28 An apparatus, comprising: a source producing a coherent beam; a first beam splitter splitting the beam into first and second beams; a first two dimensional phase only spatial phase modulator modulating the first beam; a second two dimensional phase only spatial phase modulator modulating the second beam; and a second beam splitter combining the modulated first and second beams producing a combined beam modulated in both desired phase and amplitude, wherein a Fourier transform function is calculated. ### Claim 29 A method of performing a transform, comprising: loading a two dimensional transform generator with first real phase related values; setting a phase of a bias beam at zero phase; reading first real outputs of a detector; loading a two dimensional transform generator with second real phase related values; reading second real outputs of a detector; loading the generator with first imaginary phase related values; reading first imaginary outputs of the detector; loading the generator with second imaginary phase related values; reading second imaginary outputs of the detector; and adding the first real outputs, the second real outputs, the first imaginary outputs and the second imaginary outputs forming the transform, wherein a Fourier transform function is calculated.