Phased array antenna apparatus

An antenna apparatus comprising:

• a plurality of radiation elements;
• a waveguide having a feed probe;
• and
• a plurality of electromagnetic couplers in the form of openings disposed on said waveguide and providing electromagnetic access between said radiation elements and said waveguide;
• wherein said openings each have an area which increases as a distance between a respective electromagnetic coupler and said feed probe increases.

An antenna apparatus comprising:

• a waveguide adapted to transmit electromagnetic energy, said electromagnetic energy varying in amplitude at different positions along said waveguide;
• a plurality of radiation elements;
• and
• a plurality of electromagnetic couplers coupling different portions of said waveguide to said radiation elements, said electromagnetic couplers being in the form of openings, said openings having a rectangular cross-section with a long side extending in a direction approximately perpendicular to a radius of a circle centered on an electromagnetic source supplying said electromagnetic energy, said long side of said openings increases as the distance between a coupler and said electromagnetic source increases, wherein said electromagnetic couplers are arranged so as to provide each of said radiation elements with substantially the same amount of electromagnetic energy.

An antenna apparatus comprising:

• a waveguide adapted to transmit electromagnetic energy, said electromagnetic energy varying in amplitude at different positions along said waveguide;
• a plurality of radiation elements;
• and
• a plurality of electromagnetic couplers coupling different portions of said waveguide to said radiation elements, wherein said electromagnetic couplers are arranged so as to provide each of said radiation elements with substantially the same amount of electromagnetic energy;
• an electromagnetic source feeding said waveguide and having a feed probe;
• and
• a plurality of phase shifters which control a phase of an electromagnetic wave created by said electromagnetic source, said phase shifters being disposed between said electromagnetic couplers and said radiation elements;
• wherein
• said electromagnetic couplers are in the form of openings;
• said openings have a rectangular cross-section with a long side extending in a direction approximately perpendicular to a radius of a circle centered on said electromagnetic source, and
• the long side of said openings increases as the distance between a respective coupler and said electromagnetic source increases.