Electrical geophysical apparatus for determining the density of porous materials and establishing geo-electric constants of porous material

An apparatus for determining geo-electric data and the density of a porous material that uses a resistivity-measuring device which applies an electrical current through an electrode array that is part of a non-electrical conductive test cell, which is used to measure the electrical properties of the porous material that is in the test cell, the said apparatus comprising the following equipment;

• a rigid cylindrical soil testing cell that is used for testing the physical and electrical properties of soil material, that is made out of an electrical insulator material, that contains four electrodes in a Wenner array configuration (a linear set of four electrodes that are equally space), the cell is manufactured in three separate parts that fit together and are connected with fasteners, after which the soil is placed into the cylindrical soil testing cell and compacted, during the compaction of soil in the cell, the compacted soil weight is measured and the water content is measured such that the compacted dry density of the soil can be calculated by volume to mass relationship and the electrical properties of the compacted soil can be measured during the testing procedure which are then used to determine a set of electrical soil constants for the material under test, the primary cylindrical cell part is 4.584 inches tall and has an inside diameter of 4.0 inches with a tolerance of plus or minus 0.016 inches, such that the volume of the primary cylindrical cell part is fastened to the base part by wing nuts and fixing arms during the soil compaction process, the second of the three parts that make up the rigid cylindrical soil testing cell is cylindrical sleeve, which is 2.0 inches in length that is known as the top sleeve, and has an inside diameter of 4.0 inches and a cut-away connection notch such that the top cylinder part fits over the primary cylinder part by five eights of an inch (⅝″), and is fastened top the primary cell part and to the base part by wing nuts and fixing arms during the soil compaction process, and the top cylinder part is removed from the primary cylinder part and the soil is leveled off at the top of the cell so that the standard volume of the cell without the top sleeve on it is one thirtieth ({fraction (1/30)}) of a cubic foot, plus or minus 0.0004 cu. ft., the third part of the cylindrical soil testing cell is the base, the base is a flat insulator material that is nine inches by nine inches by one inch, and has two six inch long by ⅜ inch diameter bolts extending up perpendicular from the base part, a cylindrical notch is located in the center of the base part that is one sixteenth of and inch larger than the outside diameter of the primary cylindrical cell part and is one eight of an inch deep, the bolts are located 180 degrees apart on the base at a center-to-center distance of six inches and the bolts are permanently fixed to the base so that the bottom of the base is flat and the bolts extend up from the top of the base six inches, and the primary cylindrical fits between the bolts and in the cylindrical notch, and the bolts along with wing-nuts and fastening arms on the primary cylindrical sleeve to the base part during compaction testing, the electrodes are one eighth inch (⅛″) in diameter and are located in the base part along a line that constitutes a diameter line across the cylindrical notch in the base part and each electrode is 0.787 inches apart such that center of the Wenner array is incident with the center of the primary cylindrical cell part when the primary cylindrical cell part is fixed to the base, the electrodes are manufactured into the base part so that each electrode is flush with the flat surface of the cylindrical notch in the base part, the base part has a cut-out notch in the bottom that is in the center of the base part and is three inches in diameter and one half inch deep, the Wenner array electrodes extend into the notch such that electrical connectors can be attached to the electrodes.

An apparatus for determining geo-electric data and the density of a porous material that uses a resistivity-measuring device which applies an electrical current through an electrode array that is part of a non-electrical conductive test cell, which is used to measure the electrical properties of the porous material that is in the test cell, the said apparatus comprising the following equipment;

• a rigid cylindrical soil testing cell that is used for testing the physical and electrical properties of soil material that is made out of an electrical insulator material, that contains four electrodes in a dipole-dipole configuration, the cell is manufactured in three separate parts that fit together and are connected with fasteners, after which the soil is placed into the cylindrical soil testing cell and compacted, during the compaction of soil in the cell, the compacted soil weight is measured and the water content is measured such that the compacted dry density of the soil can be calculated by volume to mass relationship and the electrical properties of the compacted soil can be measure during the testing procedure which are then used to determine a set of electrical soil constants for the material under test, the primary cylindrical cell part is 4.584 inches tall and has an inside diameter of 6.0 inches with a tolerance of plus or minus 0.026 inches, such that the volume of the primary cylindrical cell part is {fraction (1/13.333)} of a cubic foot, plus or minus 0.0009 cu. ft., the cylinder wall thickness is a minimum of one quarter inch thick, the electrodes are one eighth inch (⅛″) in diameter and are located around the circumference of the primary cylindrical cell part with each of the electrodes being and equal distance form the top of primary cylindrical cell part to the bottom of the primary cylindrical cell part, electrodes are grouped together in two pairs, and the distance between the two electrodes that constitutes an electrode pair is 1.181 inches, the center of the electrode pairs are 180 degrees part around the circumference of the primary cylindrical cell part, and the electrodes are manufactured into the primary cylindrical cell part so the each electrode is flush with the inside of the primary cylindrical cell part, the primary cylindrical cell part is fastened to the base part by wing nuts and fixing arms during the soil compaction process, the second of the three parts that make up the rigid cylindrical soil testing cell is cylindrical sleeve, which is 2.0 inches in length that is known as the top sleeve, and has an inside diameter of 6.0 inches and a cut-away connection notch such that the top cylinder part fits over the primary cylinder cell part by five eighths on an inch (⅝″), and is fastened to the primary cell part and to the base part by wing nuts and fixing arms during the soil compaction process, and the top cylinder part is removed from the primary cylinder part and the soil is leveled off at the top of the cell so that the standard volume of the cell without the top sleeve on it is {fraction (1/13.333)} of a cubic foot, plus or minus 0.0009 cu. ft., the third part of the cylindrical soil testing cell is the base, the base is a flat insulator material that is eleven inches by eleven inches by one inch, and has two six inch long by ⅜ inch diameter bolts extending up perpendicular form the base part, a cylindrical notch is located in the center of the base part that is one sixteenth of and inch larger that the outside diameter of the primary cylindrical cell part and is one eight of an inch deep, the bolts are located 180 degrees apart on the base at a center-to-center distance of eight inches and the bolts are permanently fixed to the base so that the bottom of the base is flat and the bolts extend up from the top of the base six inches, and the primary cylindrical cell fits between the bolts and in the cylindrical notch, and the bolts along with wing-nuts and fastening arms on the primary cylindrical cell part are used to fasten both the primary cylindrical part and the cylindrical sleeve to the base part during compaction testing.

An apparatus for determining geo-electric data and the density of a porous material that uses a resistivity-measuring device which applies an electrical current through and electrode array that is part of anon-electrical conductive test cell, which is used to measure the electrical properties of the porous material that is in the test cell, the said apparatus comprising the following equipment;

• a rigid cylindrical soil testing cell that is used for testing the physical and electrical properties of soil material, that is made out of an electrical insulator material, that contains four electrodes in a Wenner array configuration (a linear set of four electrodes that are equally spaced), the cell is manufactured in three separate parts that fit together and are connected with fasteners, after which the soil is placed into the cylindrical soil testing cell and compacted, during the compaction of soil in the cell, the compacted soil weight is measured and the water content is measured such that the compacted dry density of the soil can be calculated by volume to mass relationship and the electrical properties of the compacted soil can be measured during the testing procedure which are then used to determine a set of electrical soil constants for the material under test, the primary cylindrical cell part is 4.584 inches tall and has an inside diameter of 6.0 inches with a tolerance of plus or minus 0.026 inches, such that the volume of the primary cylindrical cell part is {fraction (1/13.333)} of a cubic foot, plus or minus 0.0009 cu. ft., the cylinder wall thickness is a minimum of one quarter inch thick, the primary cylindrical cell part is fastened to the base part by wing nuts and fixing arms during the soil compaction process, the second of the three parts that make up the rigid cylindrical soil testing cell is a cylindrical sleeve, which is 2.0 inches in length that is known as the top sleeve, and has an inside diameter of 6.0 inches and a cut-away connection notch such that the top cylinder part fits over the primary cylinder part by five eighths of an inch ({fraction (5/8)}″), and is fastened to the primary cell part and to the base part by wing nuts and fixing arms during the soil compaction process, and the top cylinder part is removed form the primary cylinder part and the soil is leveled off at the top of the cell so that the standard volume of the cell without the top sleeve on it is {fraction (1/13.333)} ({fraction (1/30)}) of a cubic foot, plus or minus 0.0009 cu. ft., the third part of the cylindrical soil testing cell is the base, the base is a flat insulator material that is eleven inches by eleven inches by one inch, and has two six inch long by ⅜ inch diameter bolts extending up perpendicular from the base part, a cylindrical notch is located in the center of the base part that is one sixteenth of and inch larger than the outside diameter of the primary cylindrical cell part and is one eight of an inch deep, the bolts are located 180 degrees apart on the base at a center-to-center distance of eight inches and the bolts are permanently fixed to the base so that the bottom of the base is flat and the bolts extend up from the tip of the base six inches, and the primary cylindrical cell fits between the bolts and in the cylindrical notch, and the bolts along with wing-nuts and fastening arms on the primary cylindrical cell part are used to fasten both the primary cylindrical part and the cylindrical sleeve to the base part during compaction testing, the electrodes are one eighth inch (⅛″) in diameter and are located in the base part along a line that constitutes a diameter line across the cylindrical notch in the base part and each electrode is 1.181 inches apart such that center of the Wenner array is incident with the center of the primary cylindrical cell part when the primary cylindrical cell part is fixed to the base, the electrodes are manufactured into the base part so the each electrode is flush with the flat surface of the cylindrical notch in the base part, the base part has a cut-out notch in the bottom that is in the center of the base part and is five inches in diameter and one half inch deep, the Wenner array electrodes extend into the notch such that electrical connectors can be attached to the electrodes.