Method for isolating ultrafine and fine particles and resulting particles

A method of coating a fiber, comprising the step of:

• applying to the fiber discrete ultrafine or fine particles that are at least substantially coated with an encapsulant material, wherein the encapsulant material is at least one compound selected from an amine, an ether, a thiol, a sulfide, a carboxylic acid, a hydroxy acid, a sulfonic acid, an organosilane, a titanate, a zirconate, a zircoaluminate, a carboxylate, a sulfate, a sulfonate, an ammonium salt, a pyrrole, a furan, a thiophene, an imidazole, an oxazole, a thiazole, a pyrazole, a pyrroline, a pyrrolidine, a pyridine, a pyrimidine, a purine, a triazole, and a triazine;
• wherein said ultrafine or fine particles comprise at least one element or compound selected from metal elements, organic or non-oxide inorganic compounds capable of forming colloidal suspensions of particles, and solid non-metal elements capable of forming colloidal suspensions of particles.

A method of forming a coating on a substrate, comprising the step of:

• applying to the substrate a composition comprising discrete ultrafine or fine particles at least substantially coated with an encapsulant material, wherein the encapsulant material is at least one compound selected from an amine, an ether, a thiol, a sulfide, a hydroxy acid, a sulfonic acid, an organosilane, a titanate, a zirconate, a zircoaluminate, a sulfate, a sulfonate, an ammonium salt, a pyrrole, a furan, a thiophene, an imidazole, an oxazole, a thiazole, a pyrazole, a pyrroline, a pyrrolidine, a pyridine, a pyrimidine, a purine, a triazole, and a triazine.

A method of forming a coating on a substrate, comprising the step of:

• applying to the substrate a composition comprising discrete ultrafine or fine particles at least substantially coated with an encapsulant material, wherein the encapsulant material is at least one compound selected from an amine, an ether, a thiol, a sulfide, a carboxylic acid, a hydroxy acid, a sulfonic acid, an organosilane, a titanate, a zirconate, a zircoaluminate, a carboxylate, a sulfate, a sulfonate, an ammonium salt, a pyrrole, a furan, a thiophene, an imidazole, an oxazole, a thiazole, a pyrazole, a pyrroline, a pyrrolidine, a pyridine, a pyrimidine, a purine, a triazole, a triazine;
• wherein said ultrafine or fine particles comprise at least one element or compound selected from metal elements, organic or non-oxide inorganic compounds capable of forming colloidal suspensions of particles, and solid non-metal elements capable of forming colloidal suspensions of particles.

A method of joining metal to a substrate, comprising the steps of:

• applying to the substrate discrete ultrafine or fine particles at least substantially coated with an encapsulant material, wherein the encapsulant material is at least one compound selected from an amine, an ether, a thiol, a sulfide, a carboxylic acid, a hydroxy acid, a sulfonic acid, a polyhydroxy alcohol, an organosilane, a titanate, a zirconate, a zircoaluminate, a carboxylate, a sulfate, a sulfonate, an ammonium salt, a pyrrole, a furan, a thiophene an imidazole, an oxazole, a thiazole, a pyrazole, a pyrroline, a pyrrolidine, a pyridine, a pyrimidine, a purine, a triazole a triazine, and derivatives thereof;
• and
• placing said metal to be joined in contact with the discrete ultrafine or fine particles.