# US 6,297,979 B1 · In-rush current controller with continuous cycle-by-cycle control

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- Number: US 6,297,979 B1
- Document ID: US6297979B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 09/468,311
- Filed: 1999-12-21
- Granted: 2001-10-02
- Earliest claimed: 1998-12-31
- Assignees: PI Electronics (Hong Kong) Limited
- Inventors: Man Sing Tse
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US6297979B1

## CPC

- H02H 9/001: {limiting speed of change of electric quantities, e.g. soft switching on or off (progressive control of electronic switches for eliminating interferences H03K17/16)}
- H02H 9/026: {Current limitation using PTC resistors, i.e. resistors with a large positive temperature coefficient}
- Y10S 323/908: Inrush current limiters
- H02H: EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS (indicating or signalling undesired working conditions G01R, e.g. G01R31/00, G08B; locating faults along lines G01R31/08; emergency protective devices H01H)
- Y10S: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS

## Abstract

An in-rush current controller for a mains power rectification circuit including a fill wave rectifier and a capacitor. A serial resistor suppresses in-rush currents. The controller includes a sensing circuit that controls a pair of silicon controlled rectifiers to cyclically shunt or isolate the resistor during normal operation. Thus, power is not dissipated by the resistor and undesirable heat is not generated during normal operation. The sensing circuit responds to abrupt rises in voltage (typical of in-rush current conditions) to inhibit turn ON of the rectifiers so that the resistor is not shunted or isolated at such times.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An in-rush current controller for controlling a current flowing into an AC mains power rectification circuit, the controller having:
a serial resistor for limiting an in-rush current flowing into the rectification circuit, and
a sensing circuit automatically monitoring the in-rush current flowing into the rectification circuit in each half cycle of the in-rush current flowing into the rectification circuit, and electrically isolating the serial resistor whenever, half cycle by half cycle, the in-rush current flowing into the rectification circuit is below a threshold current, the sensing circuit including a pair of silicon controlled rectifiers sequentially controlled to shunt and isolate the serial resistor in each respective current half cycle only when the in-rush current is below the threshold current during that half cycle.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The in-rush current controller according to claim 1, wherein the serial resistor is a negative temperature coefficient resistor.

### Claim 3

An in-rush current controller for controlling a current flowing into an AC mains power rectification circuit, the controller having:
a serial resistor for limiting an in-rush current flowing into the rectification circuit, and
a sensing circuit automatically monitoring the in-rush current and electrically isolating the serial resistor whenever the current flowing into the rectification circuit is below a threshold current, the sensing circuit including a pair of silicon controlled rectifiers sequentially controlled to shunt and isolate the serial resistor in each respective current cycle when the in-rush current is below the threshold current, the sensing circuit responding to a rate-of-rise of an input voltage applied to the rectification circuit and electrically isolating the serial resistor only if the rate-of-rise is below a threshold rate-of-rise.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The in-rush current controller according to claim 3, wherein the serial resistor is a negative temperature coefficient resistor.

### Claim 5

An in-rush current controller for controlling a current flowing in an AC mains power rectification circuit, the controller comprising:
a serial resistor for limiting an in-rush current flowing into the rectification circuit,
a sensing circuit automatically monitoring the in-rush current and electrically isolating the serial resistor whenever the current flowing into the rectification circuit is below a threshold current, the sensing circuit including a pair of silicon controlled rectifiers sequentially controlled to shunt and isolate the serial resistor in each respective current cycle when the in-rush current is below the threshold current, and
circuit means for triggering each silicon controlled rectifier prior to each conduction cycle of the current flowing into the rectification circuit to inhibit electrical noise emission.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The in-rush current controller according to claim 5, wherein the serial resistor is a negative temperature coefficient resistor.

### Claim 7

An in-rush current controller for controlling a current flowing into an AC mains power rectification circuit, the controller having:
a serial resistor for limiting an in-rush current flowing into the rectification circuit in each half cycle of a current flowing into the rectification circuit, and
a sensing circuit automatically monitoring rate-of-rise of instantaneous voltage applied to the rectification circuit and electrically isolating the serial resistor whenever the rate-of-rise is below a threshold rate-of-rise.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The in-rush current controller according to claim 7, wherein the serial resistor is a negative temperature coefficient resistor.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The in-rush current controller according to claim 8, wherein the sensing circuit responds to the in-rush current applied to the rectification circuit and electrically isolates the serial resistor only if the in-rush current is below a threshold current.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The in-rush current controller according to claim 9, in which the sensing circuit includes a pair of silicon controlled rectifiers sequentially controlled to shunt and isolate the serial resistor in each half cycle of the current flowing into the rectification circuit when the rate-of-rise and the in-rush current are below the respective threshold rate-of-rise and threshold current.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The in-rush current controller according to claim 10, including circuit means for triggering each silicon controlled rectifier prior to each conduction cycle of the current flowing into the rectification circuit to inhibit electrical noise emission.

### Claim 12 (depends on 7)

The in-rush current controller according to claim 7, wherein the sensing circuit responds to the in-rush current applied to the rectification circuit and electrically isolates the serial resistor only if the in-rush current is below a threshold current.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The in-rush current controller according to claim 12, in which the sensing circuit includes a pair of silicon controlled rectifiers sequentially controlled to shunt and isolate the serial resistor in each half cycle of the current flowing into the rectification circuit when the rate-of-rise and the in-rush current are below the respective threshold rate-of-rise and threshold current.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The in-rush current controller according to claim 13, including circuit means for triggering each silicon controlled rectifier prior to each conduction cycle of the current flowing into the rectification circuit to inhibit electrical noise emission.