Flat plate antenna arrays

An antenna comprising at least one printed circuit board, and having active elements including radiating elements and transmission lines, mounted on said printed circuit board, and at least one ground plane for the radiating elements and at least one surface serving as a ground plane for the transmission lines, wherein the radiating elements are arranged in rows, which rows are parallel to a central axis of said antenna, wherein said radiating elements are elongated, and arranged with their elongated directions parallel to an axis offset from said central axis of said antenna,

• wherein said at least one printed circuit board has a first surface and a second, opposing surface,
• wherein said active elements are located on both said first and said second surfaces of said printed circuit board,
• wherein said transmission lines of said first surface overlay said transmission lines of said second surface, such that transmission lines on said second surface provide said at least one surface serving as the ground plane to said transmission lines of said first surface,
• wherein said at least one surface serving as the ground plane is the only ground plane for said transmission lines,
• wherein an angle of offset for said radiating elements is substantially 45°
• wherein said radiating elements are arranged in vertical rows about a central axis of the antenna,
• wherein the number of radiating elements per vertical row decreases with the distance of said row from said central axis, and
• wherein said a transmission lines comprise curved sections.

An antenna comprising at least one printed circuit board having two oppositely facing printed surfaces, and having active elements including radiating elements and transmission lines mounted on said oppositely facing surfaces, and at least one ground plane for the radiating elements and at least one surface serving as a ground plane for the transmission lines, wherein the transmission lines on said oppositely facing surfaces overlay each other and said radiating elements on said oppositely facing surfaces do not overlay each other,

• wherein said at least one surface serving as the ground plane is the only ground plane for said transmission lines,
• wherein at least some of said radiating elements extend from said transmission lines at angles of substantially 45°,
• wherein said radiating elements are arranged in vertical rows about a central axis of the antenna,
• wherein the number of radiating element per vertical row decreases with the distance of said row from said central axis, and
• wherein said transmission lines comprise curved sections.

An antenna comprising at least one printed circuit board, and having active elements including radiating elements and transmission lines, and at least one ground plane for the radiating elements and at least one surface serving as a ground plane for the transmission lines, wherein said radiating elements are arranged in rows about a central axis of the antenna and wherein the number of radiating elements per row decreases with the distance of said row from said central axis,

• wherein said at least one printed circuit board has a first surface and a second, opposing surface,
• wherein said active elements are located on both said first and said second surfaces of said printed circuit board,
• wherein said transmission lines of said first surface overlay said transmission lines of said second surface, such that transmission lines on said second surface provide said at least one surface serving as the ground plane to said transmission lines of said first surface,
• wherein said at least one surface serving as the ground plane is the only ground plane for said transmission lines,
• wherein at least some of said radiating elements extend from said transmission lines at angles of substantially 45°.
• wherein said radiating elements are arranged in vertical rows about the central axis of the antenna, and
• wherein said transmission lines comprise curved sections.