# US 6,284,334 B1 · Multi-layer thermoplastic composites > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 6,284,334 B1 - Document ID: US6284334B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 09/218,815 - Filed: 1998-12-22 - Granted: 2001-09-04 - Earliest claimed: 1997-12-23 - Assignees: EMS-Inventa AG - Inventors: Georg Stöppelmann; Manfred Hewel - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US6284334B1 ## CPC - F16L 9/133: the walls consisting of two layers - B32B 27/34: comprising polyamides - C08L 73/00: Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing oxygen or oxygen and carbon in the main chain, not provided for in groups C08L59/00 - C08L71/00; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers - F16L 9/12: of plastics with or without reinforcement (F16L9/16 - F16L9/22 take precedence) - Y10T 428/139: Open-ended, self-supporting conduit, cylinder, or tube-type article - Y10T 428/1393: Multilayer [continuous layer] - Y10T 428/3175: Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomer[s] - Y10T 428/31761: Next to aldehyde or ketone condensation product - Y10T 428/31942: Of aldehyde or ketone condensation product - F16L: PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL - B32B: LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM - C08L: COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS (compositions based on polymerisable monomers C08F, C08G; artificial filaments or fibres D01F; textile treating compositions D06) - Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION ## Abstract The invention relates to novel thermoplastic multi-layer composites comprising at least a) a layer formed from a molding compound based on a polyamide and b) a second layer formed from a molding compound based on a linear alternating polyketone polymer from carbon monoxide and an ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon compound, at least part of which layer b) is adjacent to layer a). ## Claims ### Claim 1 A thermoplastic multi-layer composite, the thermoplastic multi-layer composite comprising: a first layer that comprises a first moulding compound the first moulding compound based on a polyamide, the polyamide having a ratio of amino to carboxyl end groups greater than 1; and a second layer that comprises a second moulding compound, the second moulding compound based on a linear alternating polyketone, the linear alternating polyketone based on carbon monoxide and an ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon compound, at least part of the second layer located adjacent and adhesively bonded to at least part of the first layer. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The multi-layer composite of claim 1, wherein the ratio of amino to carboxyl end groups in the polyamide is more than 3. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The multi-layer composite of claim 1 wherein the carboxyl end groups in the polyamide constitute 15 μeq/g or less. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The multi-layer composite of claim 1 wherein the melting point of the polyamide does not exceed 265° C. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The multi-layer composite of claim 1 wherein the melting point of the polyamide is between 150° C. and 250° C. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The multi-layer composite of claim 1 wherein the polyamide is based on (1) a lactam containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an α,ω-aminocarboxylic acid containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or a dibasic carboxylic acid containing 2 to 44 carbon atoms and (2) an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diamine containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms or a dibasic carboxy acid/diamine salt. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The multi-layer composite of claim 1 wherein the linear alternating polyketone has recurring units of the following general formula: —[CO(—CH2—CH2)]x[CO—(—G—)]y— I where G is derived from an α-olefin monomer containing at least three carbon atoms which are bonded together with at least one or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds, x and y are whole numbers, and the ratio of y to x is no more than 0.5. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The multi-layer composite of claim 7 wherein G in formula I is propylene and the ratio of y to x is in the range 0.01 to 0.1. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The multi-layer composite of claim 7 wherein the linear alternating copolymer is formed from ethylene and carbon monoxide. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The multi-layer composite of claim 1, the multi-layer composite further comprising a third layer, the third layer located adjacent to and adhesively bonded to the first layer, ,with the second layer and the third layer located on opposing sides of the first layer. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The multi-layer composite of claim 10 wherein the third layer comprises a third moulding compound, the third moulding compound based on a polyamide. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The multi-layer composite of claim 1 wherein at least the first layer or the second layer is electrically conductive and has a surface resistance of <109 ohms. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The multi-layer composite of claim 1 wherein the multi-layer composite is in the form of a hose or a pipe having an interior surface that defines an aperture through the hose or pipe, the interior surface formed by the second layer, and the first layer separated from the aperture by the second layer. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The multi-layer composite of claim 13 wherein the hose or pipe comprises a wall that surrounds the aperture, the wall comprising the first layer and the second layer, and at least a portion of the wall being corrugated. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The multi-layer composite of claim 13 wherein the first layer is from 0.2 to 0.8 mm thick and the second layer is from 0.01 to 0.7 mm thick. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) A use of the thermoplastic multi-layer composite of claim 1, the use comprising producing the thermoplastic multi-layer composite in the form of an article, the article having an interior surface that defines a hollow extending through at least part of the article. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The multi-layer composite of claim 1 wherein the melting point of the polyamide is between 175° C. and 240° C. ### Claim 18 (depends on 6) The multi-layer composite of claim 6 wherein the polyamide is (1) aliphatic and partially crystalline or (2) partially aromatic and amorphous. ### Claim 19 (depends on 6) The multi-layer composite of claim 6 wherein the polyamide is polyamide 12. ### Claim 20 (depends on 9) The multi-layer composite of claim 9 wherein the linear alternating copolymer is formed from ethylene, carbon monoxide, and an additional olefin. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The multi-layer composite of claim 20 wherein the additional olefin is propylene or butylene. ### Claim 22 (depends on 11) The multi-layer composite of claim 11 wherein the third moulding compound is based on polyamide 12. ### Claim 23 (depends on 1) The multi-layer composite of claim 1 wherein thermal expansion of the first layer or thermal expansion of the second layer is incapable of causing separation of any part of the second layer that is adhesively bonded to any part of the first layer. ### Claim 24 (depends on 1) The multi-layer composite of claim 1 wherein bending of the first layer or bending of the second layer is incapable of causing separation of any part of the second layer that is adhesively bonded to any part of the first layer. ### Claim 25 (depends on 1) The multi-layer composite of claim 1 wherein swelling of the first layer or swelling of the second layer in solvent is incapable of causing separation of any part of the second layer that is adhesively bonded to any part of the first layer. ### Claim 26 (depends on 1) The multi-layer composite of claim 1 wherein any part of the second layer and any part of the first layer that are adhesively bonded together are incapable of being mechanically separated from each other. ### Claim 27 (depends on 1) The multi-layer composite of claim 1 wherein any part of the second layer and any part of the first layer that are adhesively bonded together are incapable of being separated from each other after storage in FAM B testing fluid (DIN 51,604) for 1,000 hours at a temperature of 60° C., the FAM B testing fluid comprising: 42.25 volume percent toluene; 25.35 volume percent iso-octane; 12.68 volume percent diisobutylene; 4.23 volume percent ethanol; 15 volume percent methanol; and water. ### Claim 28 (depends on 1) The multi-layer composite of claim 1 wherein the polyamide of the first layer and the linear alternating polyketone of the second layer have chemically reacted with each other and wherein: thermal expansion of the first layer or thermal expansion of the second layer is incapable of causing separation of any part of the second layer that is adhesively bonded to any part of the first layer; bending of the first layer or bending of the second layer is incapable of causing separation of any part of the second layer that is adhesively bonded to any part of the first layer; swelling of the first layer or swelling of the second layer in solvent is incapable of causing separation of any part of the second layer that is adhesively bonded to any part of the first layer; any part of the second layer and any part of the first layer that are adhesively bonded together are incapable of being mechanically separated from each other; or any part of the second layer and any part of the first layer that are adhesively bonded together are incapable of being separated from each other after storage in FAM B testing fluid (DIN 51,604) for 1,000 hours at a temperature of 60° C., the FAM B testing fluid comprising: 42.25 volume percent toluene; 25.35 volume percent iso-octane; 12.68 volume percent diisobutylene; 4.23 volume percent ethanol; 15 volume percent methanol; and water. ### Claim 29 (depends on 1) The multi-layer composite of claim 1 wherein any part of the second layer and any part of the first layer that are adhesively bonded together are incapable of being separated from each other after storage in FAM B testing fluid for 1,000 hours at a temperature of 60° C., where the FAM B testing fluid is prepared in accordance with German Industrial Standard DIN 51,604. ### Claim 30 (depends on 1) The multi-layer composite of claim 1 wherein the polyamide of the first layer has chemically reacted with the linear alternating polyketone of the second layer.