Method of producing metals and metal alloys

A method of producing metals and metal alloys from metal oxides in a metallurgical vessel containing a molten bath, said vessel comprising a sidewall and a roof, the molten bath comprising a metal layer and a slag layer on the metal layer, the method comprising:

• (i) injecting a solid material being solid carbonaceous material and/or metal oxides with a carrier gas through one or more than one tuyere into the molten bath, wherein each tuyere injecting solid material in angled downwardly and the injected solid material has sufficient momentum so that the solid material and the carrier gas penetrates the metal layer of the molten bath and causes a molten material being molten metal and/or slag to be projected into a space above the surface of the molten bath to form a transition zone;
• and
• (ii) injecting an oxygen-containing gas into the space above the molten bath surface to afterburn reaction gases released from the molten bath into the transition zone;
• and wherein the metal oxides are in the form of ores and/or partly reduced ores.

A method of producing metals and metal alloys from metal oxides in a metallurgical vessel containing a molten bath, said vessel comprising a sidewall and a roof, the molten bath comprising a metal layer and a slag layer on the metal layer, the method comprising:

• (i) injecting a solid material being solid carbonaceous material and/or metal oxides with a carrier gas through one or more than one tuyere into the molten bath, wherein each tuyere injecting solid material is angled downwardly and the injected solid material has sufficient momentum so that the solid material and the carrier gas penetrates the metal layer of the molten bath and causes a molten material being molten metal and/or slag to be projected into a space above the surface of the molten bath to form a transition zone;
• and
• (ii) injecting an oxygen-containing gas into the space above the molten bath surface to afterburn reaction gases released from the molten bath into the transition zone;
• and wherein the metal oxides are pre-heated, and wherein the carrier gas is a oxygen-deficient gas.

A method of producing metals and metal alloys from metal oxides in a metallurgical vessel containing a molten bath, said vessel comprising a sidewall and a roof, the molten bath comprising a metal layer and a slag layer on the metal layer, the method comprising:

• (i) injecting a solid material being solid carbonaceous material and/or metal oxides with a carrier gas through one or more than one tuyere into the molten bath, wherein each tuyere injecting solid material is angled downwardly and the injected solid material has sufficient momentum so that the solid material and the carrier gas penetrates the metal layer of the molten bath and causes a molten material being molten metal and/or slag to be projected into a space above the surface of the molten bath to form a transition zone;
• and
• (ii) injecting an oxygen-containing gas into the space above the molten bath surface to afterburn reaction gases released from the molten bath into the transition zone;
• and wherein step (i) comprises injecting carbonaceous material and metal oxides through the same tuyere or tuyeres.

A method of producing metals and metal alloys from metal oxides in a metallurgical vessel containing a molten bath, said vessel comprising a sidewall and a roof, the molten bath comprising a metal layer and a slag layer on the metal layer, the method comprising:

• (i) injecting a solid material being solid carbonaceous material and/or metal oxides with a carrier gas through one or more than one tuyere into the molten bath, wherein each tuyere injecting solid material is angled downwardly and the injected solid material has sufficient momentum so that the solid material and the carrier gas penetrates the metal layer of the molten bath and causes a molten material being molten metal and/or slag to be projected into a space above the surface of the molten bath to form a transition zone;
• and
• (ii) injecting an oxygen-containing gas into the space above the molten bath surface to afterburn reaction gases released from the molten bath into the transition zone;
• and wherein step (i) comprises injecting carbonaceous material and metal oxides through the separate tuyeres.